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ch 5 - integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

2 parts of the integumentary system

A
  1. cutaneous membrane (skin) - epidermis and dermis
  2. accessory structures: hair, hair follicle, nails, glands
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2
Q

3 layers of the skin

A

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

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3
Q

integument functions (4)

A
  1. protection - acts as physical and chemical barrier
  2. excretion - removes wastes through sweat
  3. thermoregulation
  4. melanin production
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4
Q

epidermis

A

top layer of skin made of stratified squamous epithelium tissue

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5
Q

2 types of skin in epidermis

A

thick and thin

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6
Q

thin skin

A

has 4 layers in the epidermis, covers most of the body

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7
Q

thick skin

A

has 5 layers in the epidermis, found on palms of hands + soles of feet

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8
Q

keratin

A

double protein that makes hair and nails

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9
Q

keratin function

A

protects tissue of skin; made of tough protein fiber

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10
Q

epidermis sublayers
Can Lemurs Get Some Bamboo

A

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

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11
Q

stratum basale

A
  • deepest layer where cell division takes place
  • attachment to basement membrane
  • contains basal cells, melanocytes and tactile cells
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12
Q

stratum spinosum

A

-2nd deepest layer of epidermis
-has 8-10 layers of keratinocytes bound by desmosomes and contains langerhans cells

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13
Q

stratum granulosum

A

-3-5 layers of flattened dying keratinocytes that produce keratin

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14
Q

stratum lucidium

A
  • appears as glassy layer in thick skin only
  • 4-6 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes,
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15
Q

stratum corneum

A

top layer
- has dead cells continually shedding and being replaced
- water resistant, not waterproof

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16
Q

types of water loss from skin (2)

A
  1. insensible perspiration: evaporative water loss, cant be seen or felt
  2. sensible perspiration: sweating
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17
Q

dermis

A

deeper layer of skin located under epidermis
- made of connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers

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18
Q

2 layers of the dermis

A

papillary and reticular

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19
Q

papillary layer

A

top layer of dermis that is thinner and made of loose areolar tissue

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20
Q

papillary layer function

A

nourishes and supports epidermis

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21
Q

reticular layer

A

deeper layer of dermis that consists of dense irregular connective tissue, rich in collagen and elastic fibers

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22
Q

reticular layer function

A

has sensory receptors that detect touch, pain, pressure, vibration
- blood vessels assist in thermoregulation

23
Q

tension lines

A

pattern produced by parallel bundles of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis

24
Q

clinical significance of tension lines

A
  • cuts made parallel to tension lines stay closed and heal with minimal scarring

-Cuts made perpendicular to tension lines lead to more scarring

25
branch of arteries within the subcutaneous layer form the following 2 networks:
1. cutaneous plexus 2. subpapillary plexus
26
subcutaneous layer
stabilizes position of the skin and connects the dermis to underlying tissues
27
melanin
red/yellow or brown/black pigment produced by melanocytes
28
carotene
orange/yellow pigment that accumulates in epidermal cells
29
skin color is affected by
amount of melanin production not number of melanocytes (we all have same # of melanocytes)
30
cyanosis
bluish coloration of skin due to deoxygenated blood
31
hemoglobin
binds and transports oxygen in the bloodstream
32
vitiligo
loss of melanocytes which result in white patches in skin
33
albinism
inherited genetic disorder with individual having an inability to produce melanin
34
accessory structuress
hair, nails and glands
35
hair
keratinous strand produced by epithelial cells of the hair follicle
36
hair root
portion of hair that anchors the hair into the skin
37
hair shaft
extends from end of hair root to the exposed top of the hair - above the skin
38
longitudinal layers of hair
cuticle, cortex, and medulla
39
hair follicle
tube lined by stratified squamos epithlium, sac where the hair grows - has nerve (hair root plexus) supply
40
hair root plexus
sensory nerves surround the base of each hair follicle
41
hair bulb
onion shaped based that surrounds hair papilla
42
hair papilla
connective tissue containing (blood vessels) to nourish the hair follicle
43
arrector pili
involuntary smooth muscle whose contractions causes hairs to stand up
44
epidermal growth factor function
Stimulating repair of the epidermis after injury Stimulating division of cells in stratum basale Accelerating keratin production
45
Approximately how long does it take for a cell to move from the stratum germinativum to the stratum corneum?
7-10 days
46
Differences in skin color among individuals are the result of
the different levels of melanin synthesis
47
Psoriasis is a skin disorder in which there is abnormal increased mitotic activity in the
stratum basale
48
The cell of the epidermis that detects tactile sensations is the
merkel cells
49
The cell of the epidermis that are macrophages is the
Langerhans cell
50
The most common type of skin cancer is
basal cell carcinoma
51
What type of skin cancer is more likely to be malignant?
melanoma
52
melanoma
aggressive cancer of the melanocytes (melanoyctes grow out of control)
53
Rule of 9’s to calculate the percentage of area burnt on a body?
head - 9% Each upper limb is 9% The trunk is 36%, back is 18, front is 18% Each lower limb is 18% Genitalia are 1%
54
basal cell carcinoma
most common type of skin cancer - cancer that begins in the stratum basale

A And P 1 (41 decks)

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