ch 5 - muscular system Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
a-
A
without
2
Q
ab-
A
away
3
Q
ad-
A
toward
4
Q
ambi-
A
around, both sides, about
5
Q
anti, ant/a
A
against
6
Q
bi-
A
2 (two)
7
Q
brady-
A
slow
8
Q
circum-
A
around
9
Q
dextr/o
A
right
10
Q
dys-
A
difficult, painful
11
Q
dorsi-
A
back
12
Q
hyper-
A
increase, above
13
Q
intra-
A
within
14
Q
infra-
A
below, less
15
Q
iso-
A
same, equal
16
Q
levo
A
left
17
Q
supra-
A
above, more
18
Q
tachy-
A
fast
19
Q
tri-
A
3 (three)
20
Q
agon/o
A
to assemble, together
21
Q
branchi/o
A
arm
22
Q
cep
A
heads or origins
23
Q
collateral
A
accessary part
24
Q
crux, cruciate
A
to cross
25
duct/o
to lead or carry
26
fasci/o
outer fibrous layer of the muscle
27
flex/o
decrease the angle of a joint
28
glute/o
muscle of the buttocks
29
kinesi/o
movement
30
later/o
side
31
long/o
long
32
my/o
muscle
33
metr-/o
measure
34
obliq/o
angled
35
pector/o
chest
36
rect/o
straight
37
spin/o
spine and bony part of the shoulder blade
38
tend/o, tendin/o
tendon
39
ten/o
thin
40
tenosyn/o
tendon sheath
41
ten/o
tension, stretch
42
trophy
nourishment, development
43
vast/o
large
44
-plasty
surgical repair
45
o/tomy
to cut
46
os/tomy
an opening created from cutting
47
DTR
deep tendon reflex
48
EMG
electromyography
49
FM
fibromyalgia
50
IM
intramuscular (injection)
51
RICE
rest, ice, compression, elevation
52
ROM
range of motion
53
SCM
sternocleidomastoid muscle
54
abduction
to move away from the midline
55
adduction
to move toward the midline
56
agonist
muscles that work together
57
antagonist
noun. agent that acts in physiological opposition
58
aerobic
with oxygen. light, long term exercise that allows for a maintaining of localized muscle oxygen
59
anaerobic
without oxygen. heavy exercise that quickly depletes the localized muscle oxygen content. this results in more lactic acid build up bc of the burning of glycogen
60
atrophy
decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue
61
biceps
noun. two headed muscle - the large flexor muscle of the front of the upper arm
62
brachioradialis
muscle of the arm that covers the radius bone
63
bradykinesia
slow movement
64
buccal
pertaining to the cheek
65
circumduction
movement in a circular motion
66
contraction
shortening or tightening of a muscle
67
contracture
abnormal and often permanent flexion at a joint caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers
68
deltoid
noun. large triangular muscle that covers the shoulder joint
69
dorsiflexion
bringing the foot in an upward direction
70
dyskinesia
difficult or poor movement
71
dystonia
abnormal muscle tone; prolonged muscle contractions
72
dystrophy
abnormal development
73
electromyogram
graphic record of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation
74
extension
straightening motion; movement to increase the angle between bones
75
fascia
noun. sheet of connective tissue covering or binding together body structures
76
fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia
77
fibroma
benign tumors composed of fibrous connective tissue
78
fibromyalgia
chronic pain illness characterized by widespread muscular aches, pains, and stiffness
79
fibrous
consisting of or characterized by fibers
80
flexion
bending of a joint such that the joint angle decreases
81
gluteus
noun. any of three large muscles of the buttocks
82
gluteus maximus
the largest of the muscles of the buttocks
83
gluteus minimus
the smallest of the muscles of the buttocks
84
hamstring
noun. either of two groups of tendons bounding the upper part of the popliteal space at the back of the knee
85
hyperkinesia
increased muscular movement and physical activity
86
hypertonicity
abnormally tight
87
hypertrophy
increases growth or development of an organ or tissue not related to a tumor
88
intercostal
between the ribs
89
intramuscular
pertaining to within the muscle or muscle tissue
90
isometric
relating to, involving, or being muscular contraction against resistance, without significant change of length of muscle fibers, and with marked increase in muscle tone
91
isotonic
relating to, or being muscular contraction in the absence of significant resistance, with marked shortening of muscle fibers, and without great increase in muscle tone
92
kinesiology
the study of movement
93
levator scapulae
noun. back muscle that arises in the transverse processes of the first four cervical vertebrae and descends to insert into the vertebral border of the scapula with it elevates
94
myalgia
muscle pain
95
myodynia
muscle pain
96
myofascitis
inflammation of the outer coating of the muscle
97
myoplasty
surgical repair or plastic surgery of muscle tissue
98
myositis
inflammation of the muscle tissue
99
oblique
at an angle
100
plantar flexion
moving the foot in a downward away from the leg; pointing the toes downward
101
pectoralis
either of two muscles of each side of the upper and anterior part of the thorax
102
pronation
rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is turned downward or backward; palms down
103
quadriceps
noun. greater extensor muscle of the front of the thigh that is divided into four parts
104
rectus femoris
noun. division of the quadriceps muscle lying in the anterior middle region of the thigh
105
rotator cuff
noun. supporting and strengthening structure of the shoulder joint that is made up of part of its capsule blended with tendons of the S.I.T.S. muscles
106
supraspinatus
muscle that is located above the spinous of the shoulder blade
107
infraspinatus
muscle that is located below the spine of the scapula
108
teres minor
intrinsic shoulder muscle that extends from the lateral border of the scapula to the greater tubercle (or tuberosity) of the humerus
109
subscapularis
muscle located between the shoulder blade and the ribs
110
rotation
the action of rotating around an axis or center
111
spinatus
spine like portion of the scapula
112
sprain
injury of the ligaments of a joint caused by wrenching or twisting
113
sternocleidomastoid
muscle that attaches to the sternum, clavicle and the mastoid process
114
subscapularis
muscle located between the ribs and the shoulder blade
115
supination
rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces forward or upward
116
tendinitis (tendonitis)
noun. inflammation of a tendon
117
tenodynia
painful tendon
118
trapezius
noun. large flat triangular superficial muscle of each side of the upper back
119
triceps
muscle that arises from three heads. large extensor muscle along the back of the upper arm
120
vastus muscles
large muscles in the quadriceps group. located in the anterior portion of the thigh.
121
myasthenia gravis
serious, generalized muscle weakness and abnormal fatigue without atrophy
122
myasthenia
muscle weakness and abnormal fatigue
123
myorrhaphy
suture of muscle tissue or a muscle wound
124
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the plantar fascia, located on the sole of the foot
125
polymyositis
chronic, progressive inflammation of skeletal muscles with muscle weakness and atrophy
126
range-of-motion testing (ROM)
manipulation of a joint to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength
127
Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (RICE)
commonly used first aid treatment for muscular injuries; rest and ice ease pain; compression and elevation help minimize swelling
128
rhabdomyolysis
hereditary or acquired condition characterized by the destruction of skeletal muscle fibers and the release of muscle cell contents into the bloodstream
129
rhabdomyosarcoma
highly malignant neoplasm or tumor of the skeletal muscle
130
rotation
moving or turning on an axis or pivot point
131
tenomyoplasty
surgical repair of muscles and tendons
132
tenorrhaphy
suturing of a tendon
133
tenosynovectomy
surgical removal of a tendon sheath
134
tenosynovitis
inflammation of a tendon sheath
135
torticollis
shortening of the muscles on one side of the neck; wryneck
136
werdnig-hoffman disease
genetic disorder characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles; also known as familial spinal muscle atrophy and floppy infant syndrome
137
carpal tunnel syndrome
inflammation and swelling of the tendons and median nerve that pass under the carpal ligament; also called repetitive stress syndrome or disease
138
charcot-marie-tooth disease
hereditary condition characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles of the lower leg, specifically those associated with the fibula
139
dermatomyositis
connective tissue disease characterized by the destruction of muscle tissue and puritic inflammation of the skin
140
electromyography (EMG)
process of recording muscle contraction when receiving electrical stimulation
141
fasciotomy
surgical incision and division into a fascia
142
ganglion cyst
noncancerous lump filled with a jellylike fluid; commonly develops along the tendons or joints of the hands; may also occur in the ankles or feet
143
ganglionectomy
excision of a ganglion
144
leiomyofibroma
benign tumor of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue
145
muscular dystrophy (MD)
progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fiber; genetically inherited
