Ch. 5 Syntax

Question 1

linguistic expressions

Answer 1

a piece of language–with a certain form, meaning, syntactic properties

Question 2

grammatical

Answer 2

when a string of words really does form a sentence of some language

Question 3

ungrammatical

Answer 3

some string of words does not form a sentence

Question 4

grammatically judgment

Answer 4

reflection fo speakers’ mental grammar, and not a test of their conscious knowledge of the prescriptive rules

Question 5

subject

Answer 5

an expression that occurs to the left of the verb in a sentence

Question 6

object

Answer 6

noun phrase occurs to the right of the verb in a sentence

Question 7

compositionality

Answer 7

the fact that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the expressions it contains and on the way they are syntactically combined

Question 8

lexical expressions

Answer 8

words; phrasal expressions addign words make bigger meaning

Question 9

syntactic properties

Answer 9

properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely, word order and co-occurrence properties

Question 10

word order

Answer 10

how expressions allowed to be ordered with respect to one another

Question 11

co-occurrence

Answer 11

the set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence

Question 12

arguments

Answer 12

if expression Y necessitates expression X

Question 13

complements

Answer 13

non-subject arguments

Question 14

adjuncts

Answer 14

a linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional

Question 15

modifiers

Answer 15

also referred to as adjuncts

Question 16

agreement

Answer 16

the phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc.

Question 17

morphosyntax

Answer 17

the name for syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar

Question 18

syntactic constituent

Answer 18

a group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression

Question 19

cleft

Answer 19

a type of sentence that has the general form it is/ was X that Y

Question 20

conjunct

Answer 20

an argument of a coordinating conjuction such as and or or

Question 21

syntactic categories

Answer 21

a group of expressions that have a very similar syntactic properties

Question 22

syntactic distribution

Answer 22

refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur

Question 23

noun phrases

Answer 23

NP the name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, proper nouns, and all other expressions

Question 24

determiners

Answer 24

the name of a lexical category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc.

Question 25

verb phrase

Answer 25

VP the name of a syntactic category that consists of all words to which, for example, -ing or -able can be suffixed.

Question 26

intransitive verbs

Answer 26

the name for the set of lexical expressions

Question 27

transitive verbs

Answer 27

TV consists of those expressions that if combines with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase

Question 28

ditransitive verbs

Answer 28

consists of those expressions that if combines with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase

Question 29

sentential complement verbs

Answer 29

if combines with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase

Question 30

adverb

Answer 30

name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as quickly, well, furiously, etc.

Question 31

VP adjunct

Answer 31

consist of expressions which combines with a noun phrase

Question 32

N adjuncts

Answer 32

a kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category noun and all other expressions with syntactic distributions

Question 33

prepositional phrase

Answer 33

contains a preposition and NP

Question 34

lexicon

Answer 34

a mental repository of linguistic information about words anf other lexical expressions including their form, meaning, morphological and syntactic properties

Question 35

lexical entries

Answer 35

a representation of a lexical and its linguistic properties within a descriptive grammar of some language

Question 36

phrase structure rules

Answer 36

a recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories.

Question 37

phrase structure tree

Answer 37

a visual representation of how phrase are constructed within a descriptive grammar, given the lexicon and the phase structural rules

Question 38

ambiguous

Answer 38

the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression

Question 39

lexical ambiguity or homophony

Answer 39

the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form

Question 40

structural ambiguity

Answer 40

the phenomenon where a single string of words is the form of more than one distinct phrasal expression.