Ch. 54 Vocab

Question 0

Interspecific interactions

Answer 0

Include competition, predation, herbivory, symbiosis(parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism), and facilitation

Question 1

Community

Answer 1

Group of populations of different species living close enough to interact

Question 2

Interspecific competition

Answer 2

-/- interaction that occurs when individuals of different species compete for a resource that limits their growth and survival

Question 3

Competitive exclusion

Answer 3

Outcome of a slight reproductive advantage will eventually lead to local elimination of the inferior competitor

Question 4

Ecological niche

Answer 4

Sum of species’ use of biotic and abiotic resources in its environment

Question 5

Resource partitioning

Answer 5

Differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community

Question 6

Character displacement

Answer 6

Tendency for characteristics to diverge more in sympatric than in allopatric populations of two species

Question 7

Predation

Answer 7

+/- interaction between species in which one species the predator kills and eats the other the prey

Question 8

Cryptic coloration

Answer 8

Camouflage

Question 9

Aposematic coloration

Answer 9

Warning coloration

Question 10

Batesian mimicry

Answer 10

Palatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful one

Question 11

Müllerian mimicry

Answer 11

Two or more unpalatable species resemble each other

Question 12

Herbivory

Answer 12

+/- interaction in which an organism eats part of a plat or alga

Question 13

Symbosis

Answer 13

When individuals of two or more species live in direct and intimate contact with one another

Question 14

Parasitism

Answer 14

+/- symbiotic interaction in which a parasite derives it’s nourishment from its host

Question 15

Endoparasites

Answer 15

Live within body of their host

Question 16

Ectoparasites

Answer 16

Feed on the external surface of a host

Question 17

Mutualism

Answer 17

Interaction that benefits both species

Question 18

Commensalism

Answer 18

Interaction that benefits one of species but has no affect on the other
+/0

Question 19

Facilitation

Answer 19

Species an have positive effects (+/+ or 0/+) on the survival and reproduction if other species without necessarily living in direct and intimate contact of a symbiosis

Question 20

Species diversity

Answer 20

variety of different kinds of organisms that make up the community

Question 21

Species richness

Answer 21

Number of different species in the community

Question 22

Relative abundance

Answer 22

The proportion each species represents of all individuals in the community

Question 23

Shannon diversity

Answer 23

H=-(pa in pa +pb in pb +pc in pc +…) where a, b, c are species in community and p is the relative abundance of each species

Question 24

Invasive species

Answer 24

Organsisms that become established outside their native range

Question 25

Trophic structure

Answer 25

The structure and dynamics of a community also depend on the feeding relationships between organisms

Question 26

Food chain

Answer 26

Transfer of food energy up the trophic levels from its source I plants eventually to decomposes

Question 27

Food webs

Answer 27

The links between food chains

Question 28

Energetic hypothesis

Answer 28

Suggests that the length of a food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transferring along the chain

Question 29

Biomass

Answer 29

Total mass of all individuals in a population

Question 30

Dynamic stability hypothesis

Answer 30

Proposes that long food chains are less stable than short chains

Question 31

Dominant species

Answer 31

Species that are the most abundant or that collectively have the highest biomass

Question 32

Keystone species

Answer 32

Are not usually the most abundant in a community

Question 33

Ecosystem engineers

Answer 33

Species that dramatically alter their environment

Question 34

Bottom-up model

Answer 34

Postulates a unidirectional influence from lower to higher trophic levels

Question 35

Top-down model

Answer 35

Postulates the opposite: predation mainly controls community organization