Ch. 57 Drugs Affecting GI secretions

Question 1

what do histamine-2 antagonist do?

Answer 1

BLOCK the release of hydrochloric acid in response to gastrin

Question 2

what do antacids do?

Answer 2

interact w/ acids at the chemical level to neutralize them

Question 3

what do proton pump inhibitors do?

Answer 3

SUPPRESS the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the lumen of the stomach

Question 4

what do prostaglandins do ?

Answer 4

inhibit the secretion of gastrin of the mucous lining of the stomach, providing a buffer

Question 5

what do digestive enzymes do?

Answer 5

supplement the production of digestive enzymes

Question 6

prototype of histamine-2 antagonist

Answer 6

cimetidine

Question 7

prototype of antacid

Answer 7

sodium bicarbonate

Question 8

prototype of proton pump inhibitor

Answer 8

omeprazole

Question 9

prototype of prostaglandins

Answer 9

misoprostol

Question 10

Cimetidine: Indications

Answer 10

• short term treatment of active duodenal or benign gastric ulcers
• treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions
• prophylaxis of stress induced ulcers
• treatment of erosive gastroesophageal reflux
• relief of symptoms of heartburn and acid indigestion

Question 11

Cimetidine: Actions

Answer 11

• inhibits the actions of histamine at H2 receptor sites of the stomach, inhibiting gastric acid secretion and reducing total pepsin output

Question 12

Cimetidine: Adverse Effects

Answer 12

• dizziness
• confusion
• headache
• somnolence (sleepiness)
• cardiac arrhythmias
• cardiac arrest
• diarrhea
• impotence (whiskey dick)
• gynecomastia ( man boobs)
• rash

Question 13

Sodium Bicarbonate: Indications

Answer 13

• symptomatic relief of upset stomach from hyperacidity
• prophylaxis for GI bleeding and stress ulcers
• adjunctive treatment of severe diarrhea
• treatment of metabolic acidosis
• treat certain drug intoxications to minimize uric acid crystallization

Question 14

Sodium Bicarbonate: Actions

Answer 14

• neutralize or reduces gastric acidity , resulting in an increase in gastric pH, which inhibits the proteolytic activity of pepsin

Question 15

Sodium Bicarbonate: Adverse Effects

Answer 15

• gastric rupture
• systemic alkalosis
• hypokalemia
• gastric rebound

Question 16

Symptoms of Alkalosis

Answer 16

• headache
• nausea
• irritability
• weakness
• tetany
• confusion

Question 17

Gastric rebound

Answer 17

• reflex response of the stomach to lower-than-normal acid levels
• when acid levels are lowered through the use of antacids, gastrin production and secretion are increased to return the stomach to its normal acidity

Question 18

Omeprazole: Indications

Answer 18

• short term treatment of active duodenal or benign gastric ulcers
• treatment of heartburn or symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux
• treatment of pathological hypersecretory syndromes
• eradications of Helicobacter Pylori infection as part of combination therapy

Question 19

Omeprazole: Actions

Answer 19

• specifically inhibits the hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase enzyme system on the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells, blocking the final step in acid production and DECREASING gastric acid levels

Question 20

Omeprazole: Adverse Effects

Answer 20

• headache
• dizziness
• vertigo
• insomnia
• rash
• diarrhea
• abdominal pain
• n/v
• upper respiratory infection symptoms
• cough

Question 21

Misoprostol: Indications

Answer 21

• prevention of NSAIDS or aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in pt. at risk for complications of gastric uclers
• abortifacient w/ mifepristone

Question 22

Misoprostol: Action

Answer 22

• inhibits gastric acid secretion and increases bicarb and mucous production, protecting the lining of the stomach
• increases stimulatory effects in the uterus

Question 23

Misoprostol: Adverse Effects

Answer 23

• N/V
• diarrhea
• abdominal pain
• flatulence
• excessive bleeding or spotting
• hypermenorrhea ( 7+ menstrual days)
• dysmenorrheal (painful menstruation)
• miscarriage