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Pharmacology > Ch. 58 Drugs Affecting GI Motility > Flashcards

Ch. 58 Drugs Affecting GI Motility Flashcards

1
Q

Define Laxatives

A

short-term relief of constipation

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2
Q

What do chemical stimulants do?

A

chemically irritate the lining of the GI tract

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3
Q

what do bulk stimulants do?

A

cause the fecal matter to increase in bulk

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4
Q

what do lubricants do?

A

help the intestinal contents move more smoothly

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5
Q

what is the prototype of chemical stimulant

A

Castor Oil

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6
Q

what is the prototype of bulk stimulant

A

Magnesium Citrate

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7
Q

what is the prototype of lubricants

A

Mineral Oil

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8
Q

Mineral Oil: Indications

A
  • short term relief of constipation
  • prevent straining when clinically undesirable
  • remove ingested poisons from the lower GI tract
  • adjunct in anthelmintic therapy when desirable to flush helminths from GI tract
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9
Q

Mineral Oil: Actions

A
  • forms a slippery coat on the contents of the intestinal tract
  • less H2O is absorbed out of the bolus = less likely to become hard or impacted
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10
Q

Mineral Oil: Adverse Effects

A
  • diarrhea
  • abdominal cramps
  • bloating
  • perianal irritation
  • dizziness
  • interference w/ absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
  • leakage of stool and straining
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11
Q

Magnesium Citrate: Indications

A
  • short term relief of constipation
  • prevent straining when clinically undesirable
  • evacuate the bowel for diagnostic procedures
  • remove ingested poisons from lower GI tract
  • adjunct in anthelmintic therapy when it is desirable to flush helminths from GI tract
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12
Q

Magnesium Citrate: Actions

A
  • Increase motility of the GI tract by increasing the fluid in the intestinal contents = enlarges bulk, stimulates local stretch receptors, and activates local activity
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13
Q

Magnesium Citrate: Adverse Effects

A
  • diarrhea
  • abdominal cramps
  • bloating
  • perianal irritation
  • dizziness
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14
Q

Castor Oil: Indications

A
  • evacuate the bowel for diagnostic procedures
  • remove ingested poison from the lower GI tract
  • adjunct in anthelmintic therapy when it is desirable to flush helminths from GI tract
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15
Q

Castor Oil: Actions

A
  • directly stimulates the nerve plexus in the intestinal wall
  • causing increased movement and the stimulation of local reflexes
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16
Q

Castor Oil: Adverse Effects

A
  • Diarrhea
  • abdominal cramps
  • perianal irritation
  • dizziness
  • cathartic dependence (laxative dependent)
17
Q

what do gastrointestinal stimulants do?

A
  • increase GI activity and rapid movement of food through the GI tract
  • block dopamine receptors and makes the GI cells more sensitive to Acetylcholine
18
Q

what is the prototype of GI stimulant

A

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

19
Q

Metoclopramide: Indications

A
  • relief of acute and chronic diabetic gastroparesis
  • short term treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disorder in adults who cannot tolerate standard therapy
  • prevention of postop or chemo induced N/V
  • facilitation of small bowel intubation
  • stimulation of gastric emptying
  • promotion of intestinal transit of barium
20
Q

Metoclopramide: Action

A
  • stimulates movement of the upper GI tract w/out stimulating gastric, pancreatic, or biliary secretions
  • appears to sensitize tissue to the effects of acetylcholine
21
Q

Metoclopramide: Adverse Effects

A
  • n/v
  • diarrhea
  • intestinal spasms
  • cramping
  • decreased BP and HR
  • weakness
  • fatigue
  • restlessness
  • drowsiness
  • extrapyramidal effects
  • parkinson-like reactions
22
Q

Metoclopramide: drug-drug interaction

A
  • Digoxin: decreased absorption when combined with metoclopramide
  • cyclosporine: decreased immunosuppresive effects and increased toxicity when combined with metoclopramide
  • alcohol: increased sedation
23
Q

what do antidiarrheals do?

A

block stimulation of the GI tract for symptomatic relief from diarrhea

24
Q

what is the prototype of antidiarrheal

A

Loperamide

25
Q

Loperamide: Indication

A
  • control and symptomatic relief of acute, nonspecific diarrhea and chronic diarrhea associated w/ irritable bowel syndrome
  • reduction of vol. of discharge from ileostomies
26
Q

Loperamide: Action

A

inhibits intestinal peristalsis through direct effects on the longitudinal and circular muscles of the intestinal wall, slowing motility and movement of water and electrolytes

27
Q

Loperamide: Adverse Effects

A
  • abdominal pain
  • distention
  • discomfort
  • dry mouth
  • nausea
  • constipation
  • dizziness
  • tiredness
  • drowsiness

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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