Ch. 6

Question 0

Person Perception

Answer 0

The perceptions people form about each other

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

How people organize & interpret their sensory impressions to give meaning to their environment

• Important to behavior

Question 2

Attribution Theory

Answer 2

Determining whether an person’s behavior is internally or externally caused

Question 3

What 3 factors does Attribution Theory depend on?

Answer 3

1. ) Distinctiveness
2. ) Consensus
3. ) Consistency

Question 4

What are 3 factors that influence perception?

Answer 4

1. ) Perceiver
2. ) Object/ Situation
3. ) Target

Question 5

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 5

Blaming others’ behavior more on internal factors than external factors

Question 6

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 6

Attributing your successes to internal factors and failures to external factors

Question 7

Selective Perception

Answer 7

Selectively interpreting what one perceives based on one’s own interests, background, experience, & attitudes

Question 8

Halo Effect

Answer 8

Drawing a general impression about a person based on a single characteristic

Question 9

Contrast Effect

Answer 9

Comparing a person’s characteristics to people recently encountered

Question 10

Stereotyping

Answer 10

Judging someone based on your perception of the group to which that person belongs

Question 11

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Answer 11

People’s expectations determine their behavior.

Question 12

Decisions

Answer 12

Choices made from two or more alternatives

Question 13

Problem

Answer 13

A discrepancy between the current state of affairs and the desired state

Question 14

Rational

Answer 14

Making consistent, value-maximizing choices within specified constraints

Question 15

Rational Decision-Making Model (def.)

Answer 15

Describes how people should behave to maximize an outcome; not very realistic because people aren’t rational

Question 16

What are the 6 steps of the Rational Decision-Making Model?

Answer 16

1. ) DEFINE the problem
2. ) Identify the decision CRITERIA
3. ) Allocate WEIGHTS to the criteria
4. ) DEVELOP the alternatives
5. ) EVALUATE the alternatives
6. ) SELECT the best alternative

Question 17

Bounded Rationality

Answer 17

People respond to complex problems by reducing it to a level that’s more easily understood.

• People Satisfice.

Question 18

Intuition

Answer 18

An unconscious process created out of distilled experience

Question 19

Anchoring Bias

Answer 19

Fixating on initial information and failing to adjust for subsequent information

Question 20

Overconfidence Bias

Answer 20

People whose intellectual & interpersonal abilities are weakest are most likely to overestimate their performance & ability.

Question 21

Confirmation Bias

Answer 21

Seeking out information that reaffirms past choices/judgements and discounting information that contradicts them

Question 22

Availability Bias

Answer 22

Basing judgements on information that’s readily available

Question 23

Escalation of Commitment

Answer 23

Sticking to a previous decision even if clear evidence says it’s wrong

Question 24

Randomness Error

Answer 24

Believing you can predict outcomes of random events

Question 25

Risk Aversion

Answer 25

Preferring the safer outcome, even if the riskier outcome has a higher payoff

Question 26

Hindsight Bias

Answer 26

Believing falsely, after the outcome is known, that you would've accurately predicted that outcome

Question 27

Rumination

Answer 27

Reflecting at length; analyzing the past, present, & future • Women do it more then men.

Question 28

Utilitarianism

Answer 28

Decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes or consequences.

Question 29

Focus on Rights

Answer 29

Making decisions consistent with fundamental liberties & privileges in documents such as the Bill of Rights

Question 30

Whistle-Blowers

Answer 30

People who report unethical practices by their employer to outsiders

Question 31

Behavioral Ethics

Answer 31

How people behave when confronted with ethical dilemmas

Question 32

Creativity

Answer 32

The ability to produce novel & useful ideas

Question 33

3-Stage Model of Creativity

Answer 33

1. ) Causes- predictors of creative behavior 2. ) Creative Behavior 3. ) Creative Outcomes

Question 34

What are the 4 steps of Creative Behavior?

Answer 34

1. ) PROBLEM formulation 2. ) INFORMATION gathering 3. ) Idea GENERATION 4. ) Idea EVALUATION

Question 35

What 3 characteristics do creative people tend to have?

Answer 35

1. ) Intelligence 2. ) Openness to experience 3. ) Expertise

Question 36

What 5 environmental factors increase creativity?

Answer 36

1. ) MOTIVATION 2. ) WORK PLACES that reward and recognize creative work 3. ) COUNTRIES that score high on individuality 4. ) Good LEADERSHIP 5. ) DIVERSE TEAMS can under certain conditions

Question 37

Creative Outcomes

Answer 37

Ideas or solutions judged to be novel & useful by relevant stakeholders