Ch. 9

Question 0

Formal Group

Answer 0

A designated work group defined by an organization’s structure

Question 1

Group

Answer 1

2 or more individuals interacting to achieve objectives

Question 2

Informal Group

Answer 2

Neither formally structured nor organizationally determined

Question 3

Social Identity Theory

Answer 3

Perspective on when & why individuals consider themselves members of groups

Question 4

Ingroup Favoritism

Answer 4

When we see members of our ingroup as better than other people, and people not in our group as all the same

Question 5

What 4 characteristics make social identity important to a person?

Answer 5

1. ) Similarity
2. ) Distinctiveness
3. ) Status
4. ) Uncertainty Reduction

Question 6

Five-Stage Group-Development Model

Answer 6

1. ) Forming
2. ) Storming
3. ) Norming
4. ) Performing
5. ) Adjourning

Question 7

Forming

Answer 7

1st stage; uncertainty

Question 8

Storming

Answer 8

2nd stage; intragroup conflict

Question 9

Norming

Answer 9

3rd stage; close relationships & cohesiveness

Question 10

Performing

Answer 10

4th stage; the group is fully functional

Question 11

Adjourning

Answer 11

Final stage; wrapping up activities

Question 12

Punctuated-Equilibrium Model

Answer 12

Set of phases that temporary groups go through that involves transitions between inertia & activity

Question 13

Role

Answer 13

Set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a position in a social unit

Question 14

Role Perception

Answer 14

An individual’s view of how he or she is supposed to act in a given situation

Question 15

Role Expectations

Answer 15

How others believe a person should act in a given situation

Question 16

Psychological Contract

Answer 16

An unwritten agreement that sets out what management expects from an employee and vice versa

Question 17

Role Conflict

Answer 17

A situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations

Question 18

Norms

Answer 18

Acceptable standards of behavior within a group

Question 19

Conformity

Answer 19

The adjustment of one’s behavior to align with the norms of the group

Question 20

Reference Groups

Answer 20

Important groups to which people belong or hope to belong, whose norms people conform to

Question 21

Deviant Work Behavior

Answer 21

Behavior that violates organizational norms and threatens the well-being of the organization; aka antisocial behavior or workplace incivility

Question 22

Status

Answer 22

Socially defined position or rank

Question 23

Status Characteristics Theory

Answer 23

Differences in status create hierarchies within groups

Question 24

What 3 sources determine status?

Answer 24

1. ) Power a person wields over others 2. ) Person's ability to contribute to group's goals 3. ) Individual's personal characteristics

Question 25

Social Loafing

Answer 25

Tendency for people to expend less effort when woking collectively than individually

Question 26

Cohesiveness

Answer 26

The degree to which group members are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay in the group

Question 27

Diversity

Answer 27

How similar or different group members are to each other

Question 28

Faultlines

Answer 28

Perceived divisions in groups based on differences such as sex, race, age, work experience, & education

Question 29

Groupthink

Answer 29

The norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action

Question 30

Groupshift

Answer 30

Group members exaggerate their initial position when discussing alternative solutions

Question 31

Interacting Groups

Answer 31

Typical groups in which members interact face to face

Question 32

Brainstorming

Answer 32

An idea-generation process that encourages alternatives while withholding criticisms

Question 33

Nominal Group Technique

Answer 33

Decision-making method in which group members meet face to face to pool their judgements systematically but independently