Ch. 6-7

Question 1

What is Weber’s Law?

Answer 1

to notice the difference between two stimuli, the change in the stronger stimulus needs to be proportionally larger than the change in a weaker stimulus

Question 2

Operant (Learning/Conditioning)

Answer 2

Modifying behavior by reinforcement or punishment

Question 3

Top-Down Processing

Answer 3

Using existing info to process sensory input

Question 4

Bottom Up Processing

Answer 4

Using sensory input to process whats going on around

Question 5

Observational (Learning/Conditioning)

Answer 5

Learning by observing and imitation others

Question 6

Classical (Learning/Conditioning)

Answer 6

Where a neutral stimulus gets associated with an occurring stimulus, leading to a learned response to the neutral stimulus

Question 7

Reinforcement

Answer 7

↑ behavior

Question 8

Positive | Negative

Answer 8

Adding | Removing

Question 9

What is Sensation and Perception?

Answer 9

Sensation: Responding to stimuli
Perception: Interpreting the stimuli

Question 10

What is Transduction?

Answer 10

Converting stimuli to nerve signals to process

Question 11

What is Perceptual Set?

Answer 11

Processing certain info/stimuli based on their expectations and/or beliefs

Question 12

What is the Eye-To-Brain Pathway?

Answer 12

Collection of nerves that go straight from the optic nerves to the visual cortex

Question 13

What are the functions of Rods?

Answer 13

Responsible for seeing in low light and during the night

Question 14

What are the functions of Cones?

Answer 14

Detecting different wavelengths of light and making us see color

Question 15

What is the Young-Helmholtz Tri-chromatic Theory?

Answer 15

That cone cells process three different colors (red, green, blue) and we combine them to see our color spectrum

Question 16

What is the Opponent-Process Theory (Color)?

Answer 16

That people perceive color as opposing ends of the spectrum (red to green, yellow to blue)

Question 17

What is the Opponent-Process Theory (Emotions)?

Answer 17

That the brain avoids too much stimulation by countering a reaction with the exact opposite emotion (Joy then sadness)

Question 18

What is the relationship between figure and ground when considering our vision?

Answer 18

Figure: Object of focus
Ground: The background of our focus

Question 19

How do we transform sound waves into nerve impulses that our brain interprets (Inner Ear)?

Answer 19

Sound waves vibrates the fluid in the cochlea, which moves the hair like fibers connected to auditory nerves, which the triggers the release of neurotransmitters and generating electrical signals interpreted as sound

Question 20

How do we transform sound waves into nerve impulses that our brain interprets (Middle Ear)?

Answer 20

Sound waves make tiny bones vibrate, which shakes the cochlea in the inner ear

Question 21

How do we transform sound waves into nerve impulses that our brain interprets (Outer Ear)?

Answer 21

Funnels sound into the ear canal to be processed by the middle and inner ear

Question 22

How can we apply the biopsychosocial approach to pain

Answer 22

considering how biology, psychology, and social situations make people interprets pain

Question 23

What is the gate-control theory?

Answer 23

That the spinal cord allows or denies certain pain signals to pass to the brain

Question 23

Research has demonstrated that our memories of pain depend on which two factors?

Answer 23

1. Intensity of the pain
2. The emotions associated with the ouch

Question 24

What are the five basic tastes?

Answer 24

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami

Question 25

What is the sense that keeps us aware of where our body is?

Answer 25

Kinesthesia