Ch. 8-9 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Implicit Memory
Long term memory that doesn’t need conscious recalling
Explicit Memory
Long term memory that has conscious recalling and retrival
Semantic Memory
Form of explicit memory that includes facts and general knowledge
Episodic Memory
Form of explicit memory that includes events and locations
The Primacy Effect
First-presented items are most likely to be remembered then the ones in the middle of the list
What is cognition?
The mental processes that allow us to think, learn, remember, perceive, and a lot more
Heuristics
Mental shortcuts used to make decisions
Algorithm
Step by step mental process used to arrive at a correct answer
Insight
Sudden realization on how to solve a problem, usually after trial and error
Confirmation Bias
Favoring beliefs that confirm already held beliefs that can be difficult to shake
Availability Heuristic
A mental shortcut that uses the first thing that comes to mind when evaluating a topic
How are our decisions affected by overconfidence, belief perseverance, and framing?
It effects how our brain interpret the info taken in and can warp what actually is supposed to be processes
Describe the babbling stage of speech and the critical period for language mastery.
Babbling is a baby’s attempt to mimic speech, usually simple sounds like ‘ma’ or ‘ba’
The critical period for language learning is the first few years of life
Functions of the Broca’s Area
Speech function and articulation with both written and verbal language
Found on the dominant side of the brain (often left)
Functions of the Wernicke’s area
Language comprehension
Found on the dominate side of the brain (often left)
Spearman’s g (general intelligence)
A single mental ability that is responsible for overall performance
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence
That their are multiple different kinds of intelligence that people are born with and can develop
Sternberg’s three intelligences
That there are three distinct types of intelligences that people have
(practical, creative, analytical)
Emotional Intelligences
The ability to manage your emotions and understand the emotions of others
Crystallized vs Fluid Intelligence
the accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills acquired throughout life | the ability to think abstractly, reason quickly and problem solve independent of any previously acquired knowledge.
Growth Mindset
The belief that you can improve through effort, learning, and perseverance
Stereotype Threat
When someone is aware of a negative stereotype of a group of people they happen to be apart of, which can negatively effect the person
