Ch 6 & 7

Question 0

Describe the location of body water

Answer 0

Intracellular fluids, interstitial fluids, plasma, GI tract

Question 1

What % of the body is water? Is there any difference with age?

Answer 1

70% Infants 6-10% higher

Question 2

List 4 locations where extra cellular (intercellular) water can be found

Answer 2

Interstitial, plasma, GI tract, urinary, intraocular

Question 3

Define interstitial

Answer 3

In between

Question 4

Define edema

Answer 4

Build up of fluid in the tissues

Question 5

Define solvent

Answer 5

The liquid where the solute is dissolved

Question 6

What % of body water can be lost before clinical signs of dehydration begin?

Answer 6

0-4 normal 8% loss signs of dehydration more than 12 you dead

Question 7

Describe two areas where metabolic water can be formed

Answer 7

Every cell, synthesis

Question 8

List 6 ways body water can be lost

Answer 8

Urine, feces, insensible loss, sensible loss, lungs, kidneys

Question 9

Define insensible loss as it relates to body water

Answer 9

Evaporation through the skin

Question 10

Describe how ADH and rennin work to conserve body water

Answer 10

ADH Released from posterior pituitary gland made in hypothalamus Target kidneys to reabsorb more water at dct of nephron Hypovolemia causes increase production of ADH from hypothalamus

Question 11

What nuclei produces ADH?

Answer 11

Supraoptic nuclei

Question 12

Avg amount lost through insensible loss?

Answer 12

300-400 ml/day

Question 13

Relate PU/PD to diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus

Answer 13

DM cause PU/pd because the kidneys can no longer filter out the excessive glucose and goes into the urine causing polyuria and causes increased consumption of water polydipsia

Question 14

How would renal failure/nephritis/glomerulonephritis affect fluid retention?

Answer 14

If you have kidney problems

Question 15

How is the % of body fat figured?

Answer 15

A

Question 16

Define heat of vaporization. How is this beneficial to maintaining body temperature?

Answer 16

Heat of vaporization allows us to sweat to cool off our bodies by the sweat droplets to vaporize off of our skin to take away heat from our body

Question 17

Give the names for European and Indian cattle and an example of each. Which group has the least water requirement? Why?

Answer 17

A

Question 18

Define water turnover rate.

Answer 18

A

Question 19

Give an example of soluble salts found in water. What concentration is unfit to drink?

Answer 19

A

Question 20

Why is nitrite concentration a big concern?

Answer 20

A

Question 21

What % (dry matter basis) of most feeds is made up of carbohydrates?

Answer 21

A

Question 22

What % of most animals is made up of carbohydrates?

Answer 22

A

Question 23

Give examples of five and six carbon sugars and where they are found.

Answer 23

A

Question 24

Be able to recognize Aldoses and hexoses

Answer 24

A

Question 25

Name 4 disaccharides and their monosaccharide content

Answer 25

A

Question 26

Name 4 polysacchardies

Answer 26

A

Question 27

What is the difference (linkage wise) between starch and cellulose?

Answer 27

A

Question 28

Review the metabolism of carbohydrates

Answer 28

A

Question 29

Describe the difference between fermenters and non fermenters in the digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 29

A

Question 30

Review aerobic metabolism

Answer 30

A

Question 31

Give the first two reactions in glycolysis

Answer 31

Glucose + PO4 gPO4 + PO4

Question 32

How are amino acids metabolized?

Answer 32

A

Question 33

Define gluconeogenesis

Answer 33

When glucose is formed by body tissues from non carbohydrate metabolites

Question 34

Differ between ruminants and non ruminants in gluconeogenesis

Answer 34

Ruminants depend on gluconeogenesis to meet their glucose needs. Non ruminants absorb glucose directly and do not unless when long term meal deprived.

Question 35

How does glucose get into the cell?

Answer 35

A

Question 36

Describe the relationship between glucose and lipid metabolism

Answer 36

A

Question 37

Describe the energetically of glucose metabolism

Answer 37

A

Question 38

Define ketosis

Answer 38

Excess of ketones due to a disorder in carb/lipid metabolism.

Question 39

List the ketone bodies. Differ between ketonemia is and ketonuria. How are they harmful?

Answer 39

Acetone, acetoacetate, and b hydroxybutyrate Ketonemia - increased concentration in the blood Ketonuria - concentration in the urine Loss of body weight, decreased milk production, abortion, loss of electrolytes

Question 40

Differ between the types of diabetes

Answer 40

A

Question 41

Explain the glucose tolerance curve (fig 7.6)

Answer 41

A