CH. 6 Chem slides

Question 1

The daily functioning of our bodies is based on…

Answer 1

Chemical reactions.

Question 2

The effects of cosmetics & beauty products are based on…

Answer 2

How the body reacts to chemicals.

Question 3

The science that deals w/ the composition, structures, & properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions.

Answer 3

Chemistry.

Question 4

Any substance that occupies space & has mass.
Exists in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas.

Answer 4

Matter.

Question 5

Cannot be reduced without loss of identity..

Answer 5

Elements.

Question 6

Chemical combination of two or more atoms.

Answer 6

Molecules.

Question 7

The basic unit of matter, with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

Answer 7

Atoms.

Question 8

Chemical combination of atoms of the same element.

Answer 8

Elemental molecule.

Question 9

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction & that do not involve a chemical change in the substance.

Answer 9

Physical properties.

Question 10

Chemical compounds of two or more atoms of different elements, in fixed proportions.

Answer 10

Compound molecule.

Question 11

Change in a substance’s chemical composition.
Creates new substances w/ different properties.

Answer 11

Chemical change.

Question 12

A chemical combination of matter in a definite (fixed) proportion.
Have unique properties.

Answer 12

Pure substances.

Question 13

Physical combination of matter in any proportion.
Combined properties of the substances in a mixture.

Answer 13

Physical mixtures.

Question 14

mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form solutions.

Answer 14

Miscible liquids.

Question 15

Not capable of being mixed to form stable solutions.

Answer 15

Immiscible liquids.

Question 16

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid.

Answer 16

Suspension.

Question 17

Unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances, plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier.

Answer 17

Emulsion.

Question 18

Ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture.

Answer 18

Emulsifiers.

Question 19

A stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances in a solvent.

Answer 19

Solution.

Question 20

The dissolved substance in a solution.

Answer 20

Solute.

Question 21

The substance, usually liquid, which dissolves another substance to form a solution, with no change in chemical composition.

Answer 21

Solvent.

Question 22

Substances that allow oil & water to mix, or emulsify.

Answer 22

Surfactants.

Question 23

Semisolids made with any combination of petroleum, oil, & wax.

Answer 23

Ointments.

Question 24

Physical mixture of two solids.

Answer 24

Powders.

Question 25

Soaps were the first...

Answer 25

Surfactants.

Question 26

Evaporate easily Ex: Isopropyl alcohol, Ethyl alcohol

Answer 26

Volatile alcohols.

Question 27

Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products. Often used in place of ammonia.

Answer 27

Alkanolamines.

Question 28

Colorless w/ pungent odor. Composed of nitrogen & hydrogen.

Answer 28

Ammonia.

Question 29

Sweet, colorless, oily substance. Used as a solvent & moisturizer.

Answer 29

Glycerin.

Question 30

Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, & nail polish dryers.

Answer 30

Silicone.

Question 31

Compounds that contain carbon (organic) & evaporate very easily (volatile).

Answer 31

Volatile organic compound.

Question 32

Refers to how prolonged, repeated, or long term exposure to certain product ingredients can cause sensitivity in some people.

Answer 32

Overexposure.

Question 33

Used to describe hoe overexposure determines toxicity. It is the dose of a substance that determines whether it will have a negative, poisonous effect on the body.

Answer 33

Overexposure principle.

Question 34

Atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge.

Answer 34

Ion.

Question 35

Separation of an atom or molecule into positive & negative ions.

Answer 35

Ionization.

Question 36

ion with a negative electrical charge.

Answer 36

Anion

Question 37

Ion with a positive electrical charge.

Answer 37

Cation.

Question 38

A measure of the acidity & alkalinity of a substance.

Answer 38

The pH scale.

Question 39

Below 7 on the pH scale indicates...

Answer 39

An acidic solution.

Question 40

Above 7 on the pH scale indicates...

Answer 40

An alkaline solution.

Question 41

Means multiples of 10. The pH is scale is this because a change of one whole number represents a tenfold change in pH.

Answer 41

Logarithm.

Question 42

Owe their chemical reactivity to the hydrogen ion.

Answer 42

Acids.

Question 43

Derived from plants (mostly fruit) & are examples of acids often used in salons to exfoliate the skin & to help adjust the pH of a lotion, conditioner, or cream.

Answer 43

Alpha hydroxy acids.

Question 44

Colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions to contract & close the hair cuticle.

Answer 44

Thioglycolic acid.

Question 45

Alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation & to lower pH of products.

Answer 45

Glycolic acid.

Question 46

Owe their chemical reactivity to the hydroxide ion (OH-). Term is interchangeable with bases. Feel slippery & soapy on the skin.

Answer 46

Alkalis.

Question 47

Chemical reaction that combines a substance w/ oxygen to produce an oxide.

Answer 47

Oxidation.

Question 48

Substance that releases oxygen. (Hydrogen peroxide is this).

Answer 48

Oxidizing agent.

Question 49

Refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.

Answer 49

Reduction.

Question 50

Substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound.

Answer 50

Reducing agent.

Question 51

A chemical reaction in which oxidation & reduction take place at the same time. AKA redox.

Answer 51

Oxidation-reduction.

Question 52

Chemical reaction in which heat is released.

Answer 52

Exothermic reaction.

Question 53

The rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat & light.

Answer 53

Combustion.

Question 54

Chemical reaction that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur. Ex: permanent waving lotion that required the application of heat from a hood dryer to activate it.

Answer 54

Endothermic reaction.

Question 55

Products that should not be mixed or even stored next to each other.

Answer 55

Incompatible.

Question 56

OSHA required. Previously MSDS. 16 categories, 9 pictograms. Must be accessible to all.

Answer 56

Safety Data Sheets (SDS).

Question 57

SDS CATEGORY 1: Includes the name of the product & contact info for the manufacturer or distributor. Also contains recommended use & restrictions on use.

Answer 57

Identification.

Question 58

SDS CATEGORY 2: Lists all hazards associated w/ the product & includes hazard classification (flammable, etc.), precautionary statements, & hazard pictograms.

Answer 58

Hazard identification.

Question 59

SDS CATEGORY 3: Identifies the ingredients of the products, including concentrations used in mixtures & when chemicals have been withheld due to a trade secret.

Answer 59

Composition/info on ingredients.

Question 60

SDS CATEGORY 4: Includes short & long term symptoms & first aid instructions.

Answer 60

First-aid measures.

Question 61

SDS CATEGORY 5: Lists suitable (& unsuitable) fire extinguishers, any chemical hazards associated w/ a fire, & recommended protective equipment or precautions.

Answer 61

Fire-fighting measures.

Question 62

SDS CATEGORY 6: Provides instructions for proper cleanup of a spill, protective equipment needed, & emergency measures to follow.

Answer 62

Accidental release measures.

Question 63

SDS CATEGORY 9: Consists of a minimum of 18 properties, from color to pH to viscosity. Unknown or irrelevant properties of a product must be noted.

Answer 63

Physical & chemical properties.

Question 64

SDS CATEGORY 10: Provides info on the environmental, stability, & reaction risks associated w/ the product

Answer 64

Stability & reactivity.q

Question 65

SDS CATEGORY 11: Details the risks of exposure, including symptoms like skin irritation, & measure of toxicity.

Answer 65

Toxicological information.

Question 66

SDS CATEGORY 12: Covers the impact of the chemical on the environment, such as groundwater absorption or danger to plants & animals.

Answer 66

Ecological information.

Question 67

SDS CATEGORY 13: Lists any procedures for disposal.

Answer 67

Disposal considerations.

Question 68

SDS CATEGORY 14: Provides guidelines & restrictions for safe transportation.

Answer 68

Transport information.

Question 69

SDS CATEGORY 15: Includes any specific safety, health, or environmental regulations.

Answer 69

Regulatory information.

Question 70

Indicates when the SDS was created or last updated.

Answer 70

Other information.

Question 71

Substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer.

Answer 71

Carcinogen.

Question 72

Substance that may cause cancer but not always. Cause an increase in cellular mutations, some of which are harmful; others have little or no effect on the body's function.

Answer 72

Mutagen.

Question 73

Material is capable of igniting & burning.

Answer 73

Combustible.

Question 74

Material is even easier to ignite than a combustible.

Answer 74

Flammable.

Question 75

Dimethicone is another name for...

Answer 75

Silicone.

Question 76

The hydrogen ion (+) is...

Answer 76

Acidic.

Question 77

The hydroxide ion (-) is...

Answer 77

Alkaline.

Question 78

lactic acid comes from...

Answer 78

Milk.

Question 79

Glycolic acid comes from...

Answer 79

Fruits.

Question 80

Mixing acids & alkalis in equal proportions form...

Answer 80

Water.