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esthe state board > CH. 6 Chem slides > Flashcards

CH. 6 Chem slides Flashcards

1
Q

The daily functioning of our bodies is based on…

A

Chemical reactions.

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2
Q

The effects of cosmetics & beauty products are based on…

A

How the body reacts to chemicals.

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3
Q

The science that deals w/ the composition, structures, & properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions.

A

Chemistry.

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4
Q

Any substance that occupies space & has mass.
Exists in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas.

A

Matter.

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5
Q

Cannot be reduced without loss of identity..

A

Elements.

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6
Q

Chemical combination of two or more atoms.

A

Molecules.

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7
Q

The basic unit of matter, with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

A

Atoms.

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8
Q

Chemical combination of atoms of the same element.

A

Elemental molecule.

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9
Q

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction & that do not involve a chemical change in the substance.

A

Physical properties.

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10
Q

Chemical compounds of two or more atoms of different elements, in fixed proportions.

A

Compound molecule.

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11
Q

Change in a substance’s chemical composition.
Creates new substances w/ different properties.

A

Chemical change.

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12
Q

A chemical combination of matter in a definite (fixed) proportion.
Have unique properties.

A

Pure substances.

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13
Q

Physical combination of matter in any proportion.
Combined properties of the substances in a mixture.

A

Physical mixtures.

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14
Q

mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form solutions.

A

Miscible liquids.

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15
Q

Not capable of being mixed to form stable solutions.

A

Immiscible liquids.

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16
Q

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid.

A

Suspension.

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17
Q

Unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances, plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier.

A

Emulsion.

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18
Q

Ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture.

A

Emulsifiers.

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19
Q

A stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances in a solvent.

A

Solution.

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20
Q

The dissolved substance in a solution.

A

Solute.

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21
Q

The substance, usually liquid, which dissolves another substance to form a solution, with no change in chemical composition.

A

Solvent.

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22
Q

Substances that allow oil & water to mix, or emulsify.

A

Surfactants.

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23
Q

Semisolids made with any combination of petroleum, oil, & wax.

A

Ointments.

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24
Q

Physical mixture of two solids.

A

Powders.

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25
Q

Soaps were the first…

A

Surfactants.

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26
Q

Evaporate easily
Ex: Isopropyl alcohol, Ethyl alcohol

A

Volatile alcohols.

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27
Q

Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products. Often used in place of ammonia.

A

Alkanolamines.

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28
Q

Colorless w/ pungent odor.
Composed of nitrogen & hydrogen.

A

Ammonia.

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29
Q

Sweet, colorless, oily substance.
Used as a solvent & moisturizer.

A

Glycerin.

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30
Q

Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, & nail polish dryers.

A

Silicone.

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31
Q

Compounds that contain carbon (organic) & evaporate very easily (volatile).

A

Volatile organic compound.

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32
Q

Refers to how prolonged, repeated, or long term exposure to certain product ingredients can cause sensitivity in some people.

A

Overexposure.

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33
Q

Used to describe hoe overexposure determines toxicity.
It is the dose of a substance that determines whether it will have a negative, poisonous effect on the body.

A

Overexposure principle.

34
Q

Atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge.

A

Ion.

35
Q

Separation of an atom or molecule into positive & negative ions.

A

Ionization.

36
Q

ion with a negative electrical charge.

A

Anion

37
Q

Ion with a positive electrical charge.

A

Cation.

38
Q

A measure of the acidity & alkalinity of a substance.

A

The pH scale.

39
Q

Below 7 on the pH scale indicates…

A

An acidic solution.

40
Q

Above 7 on the pH scale indicates…

A

An alkaline solution.

41
Q

Means multiples of 10.
The pH is scale is this because a change of one whole number represents a tenfold change in pH.

A

Logarithm.

42
Q

Owe their chemical reactivity to the hydrogen ion.

A

Acids.

43
Q

Derived from plants (mostly fruit) & are examples of acids often used in salons to exfoliate the skin & to help adjust the pH of a lotion, conditioner, or cream.

A

Alpha hydroxy acids.

44
Q

Colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions to contract & close the hair cuticle.

A

Thioglycolic acid.

45
Q

Alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation & to lower pH of products.

A

Glycolic acid.

46
Q

Owe their chemical reactivity to the hydroxide ion (OH-).
Term is interchangeable with bases.
Feel slippery & soapy on the skin.

A

Alkalis.

47
Q

Chemical reaction that combines a substance w/ oxygen to produce an oxide.

A

Oxidation.

48
Q

Substance that releases oxygen.
(Hydrogen peroxide is this).

A

Oxidizing agent.

49
Q

Refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.

A

Reduction.

50
Q

Substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound.

A

Reducing agent.

51
Q

A chemical reaction in which oxidation & reduction take place at the same time.
AKA redox.

A

Oxidation-reduction.

52
Q

Chemical reaction in which heat is released.

A

Exothermic reaction.

53
Q

The rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat & light.

A

Combustion.

54
Q

Chemical reaction that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur.
Ex: permanent waving lotion that required the application of heat from a hood dryer to activate it.

A

Endothermic reaction.

55
Q

Products that should not be mixed or even stored next to each other.

A

Incompatible.

56
Q

OSHA required.
Previously MSDS.
16 categories, 9 pictograms.
Must be accessible to all.

A

Safety Data Sheets (SDS).

57
Q

SDS CATEGORY 1:
Includes the name of the product & contact info for the manufacturer or distributor.
Also contains recommended use & restrictions on use.

A

Identification.

58
Q

SDS CATEGORY 2:
Lists all hazards associated w/ the product & includes hazard classification (flammable, etc.), precautionary statements, & hazard pictograms.

A

Hazard identification.

59
Q

SDS CATEGORY 3:
Identifies the ingredients of the products, including concentrations used in mixtures & when chemicals have been withheld due to a trade secret.

A

Composition/info on ingredients.

60
Q

SDS CATEGORY 4:
Includes short & long term symptoms & first aid instructions.

A

First-aid measures.

61
Q

SDS CATEGORY 5:
Lists suitable (& unsuitable) fire extinguishers, any chemical hazards associated w/ a fire, & recommended protective equipment or precautions.

A

Fire-fighting measures.

62
Q

SDS CATEGORY 6:
Provides instructions for proper cleanup of a spill, protective equipment needed, & emergency measures to follow.

A

Accidental release measures.

63
Q

SDS CATEGORY 9:
Consists of a minimum of 18 properties, from color to pH to viscosity.
Unknown or irrelevant properties of a product must be noted.

A

Physical & chemical properties.

64
Q

SDS CATEGORY 10:
Provides info on the environmental, stability, & reaction risks associated w/ the product

A

Stability & reactivity.q

65
Q

SDS CATEGORY 11:
Details the risks of exposure, including symptoms like skin irritation, & measure of toxicity.

A

Toxicological information.

66
Q

SDS CATEGORY 12:
Covers the impact of the chemical on the environment, such as groundwater absorption or danger to plants & animals.

A

Ecological information.

67
Q

SDS CATEGORY 13:
Lists any procedures for disposal.

A

Disposal considerations.

68
Q

SDS CATEGORY 14:
Provides guidelines & restrictions for safe transportation.

A

Transport information.

69
Q

SDS CATEGORY 15:
Includes any specific safety, health, or environmental regulations.

A

Regulatory information.

70
Q

Indicates when the SDS was created or last updated.

A

Other information.

71
Q

Substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer.

A

Carcinogen.

72
Q

Substance that may cause cancer but not always.
Cause an increase in cellular mutations, some of which are harmful; others have little or no effect on the body’s function.

A

Mutagen.

73
Q

Material is capable of igniting & burning.

A

Combustible.

74
Q

Material is even easier to ignite than a combustible.

A

Flammable.

75
Q

Dimethicone is another name for…

A

Silicone.

76
Q

The hydrogen ion (+) is…

A

Acidic.

77
Q

The hydroxide ion (-) is…

A

Alkaline.

78
Q

lactic acid comes from…

A

Milk.

79
Q

Glycolic acid comes from…

A

Fruits.

80
Q

Mixing acids & alkalis in equal proportions form…

A

Water.

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