Ch 6: General Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

The basic units of all living things, from bacteria to plants to animals, including human beings, are _____.

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is the _____.

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

Mitosis is the usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells called _____.

Answer 3

daughter cells

Question 4

The _____ is the watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and is needed for growth, reproduction, and self-repair.

Answer 4

cytoplasm

Question 5

The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures is called _____.

Answer 5

physiology

Question 6

Structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals are known as _____.

Answer 6

organs

Question 7

Which type of tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body?

Answer 7

Muscle tissue

Question 8

Which type of tissue lines the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands?

Answer 8

Epithelial tissue

Question 9

The connection between two or more bones of the skeleton is called a _____.

Answer 9

joint

Question 10

The _____ is the larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee.

Answer 10

tibia

Question 11

The oval, bony case that protects the brain is the _____.

Answer 11

cranium

Question 12

The maxillae are the bones of the _____.

Answer 12

upper jaw

Question 13

The two bones that form the sides and top of the cranium are the _____.

Answer 13

parietal bones

Question 14

The inner and larger bone in the forearm that is attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger is the _____.

Answer 14

ulna

Question 15

The foot is made up of _____ bones.

Answer 15

26

Question 16

What is the U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles?

Answer 16

Hyoid bone

Question 17

The part of the muscle that does not move and is attached closest to the skeleton is the _____.

Answer 17

origin

Question 18

The broad muscle that covers the top of he skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis is the _____.

Answer 18

epicranius

Question 19

The _____ are the muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line.

Answer 19

extensors

Question 20

The muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity are the _____.

Answer 20

adductors

Question 21

The system of nerves that carries impulses, or messages, to and from the central nervous system is called the _____.

Answer 21

peripheral nervous system

Question 22

Sensory nerve endings called _____ are located close to the surface of the skin.

Answer 22

receptors

Question 23

The largest artery in the human body is the _____.

Answer 23

aorta

Question 24

The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the _____.

Answer 24

ulnar and radial arteries

Question 25

The popliteal artery supplies blood to the foot and divides into two separate arteries known as the _____.

Answer 25

anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries

Question 26

The _____ muscle is the primary nasal muscle of concern to cosmetologists.

Answer 26

procerus

Question 27

The muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward is the _____ muscle.

Answer 27

levator anguli oris

Question 28

The _____ cranial nerve is the chief motor nerve of the face.

Answer 28

seventh

Question 29

The muscle that covers the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back is the _____.

Answer 29

trapezius

Question 30

The median nerve is a sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the _____.

Answer 30

arm and hand

Question 31

The deep peroneal nerve extends down the _____.

Answer 31

front of the leg

Question 32

The simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve is called a _____.

Answer 32

reflex

Question 33

Deoxygenated blood flows from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal and then returns that blood to the _____ so oxygen-rich blood can be delivered to the body.

Answer 33

left atrium

Question 34

Which nerve affects the muscles of the mouth?

Answer 34

Buccal

Question 35

Blood _____ the body's temperature.

Answer 35

helps to equalize

Question 36

The _____ supplies blood to the muscles of the eye.

Answer 36

infraorbital artery

Question 37

The technical term for the facial artery is the _____ artery.

Answer 37

external maxillary

Question 38

The endocrine glands, also known as _____ glands, release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream.

Answer 38

ductless

Question 39

Which gland affects almost every physiologic process of the body?

Answer 39

Pituitary

Question 40

The _____ nerve supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage.

Answer 40

ophthalmic

Question 41

The heart is the organ that keeps the _____ moving within the circulatory system.

Answer 41

blood

Question 42

The complex system that serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body's temperature is the _____ system.

Answer 42

integumentary

Question 43

The gastrointestinal system consists of the _____, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands, and other organs.

Answer 43

mouth

Question 44

The _____ system distributes blood throughout the body.

Answer 44

circulatory

Question 45

The _____ system is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients and wastes.

Answer 45

digestive

Question 46

The _____ system is the body system consisting of a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body.

Answer 46

endocrine

Question 47

The _____ system protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease-causing microorganisms.

Answer 47

lymphatic

Question 48

The _____ system covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system in place.

Answer 48

muscular

Question 49

The _____ system controls and coordinates all other systems of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently.

Answer 49

nervous

Question 50

The _____ system performs the function of producing offspring and passing on the genetic code from one generation to another.

Answer 50

reproductive

Question 51

The _____ system makes blood and oxygen available to body structures through breathing and eliminating carbon dioxide.

Answer 51

respiratory

Question 52

The _____ system forms the physical foundation of the body.

Answer 52

skeletal

Question 53

The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized is ______.

Answer 53

anatomy

Question 54

Neurology is the scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the _____.

Answer 54

nervous system

Question 55

Lymph nodes filter the _____ vessels, which helps fight infection.

Answer 55

lymphatic