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Donny RAD POS ll > Ch 6 Lower Limb > Flashcards

Ch 6 Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones in the foot?
What is the breakdown of these bones?

A

26 total
14 Phalanges
5 metatarsals
7 tarsals

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2
Q

How many phalanges in each toe digit?

A

3 in toes 2-5
2 in first toe
distal, middle, and proximal

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3
Q

The 3 parts of the of the metatarsals are?

A

Head (most distal)
body/shaft (middle)
Base (most proximal)

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4
Q

How many total tarsal bones?

A

7 tarsal bones in the foot

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5
Q

MTP stands for?
What is it?

A

Metatarsophalangeal joint
the head of the metatarsal is the MTP joint articulates with proximal phalange

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6
Q

TMT stands for?
is what?

A

Tarsometatarsal joint
joint located at in between the base of metatarsal and the tarsals

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7
Q

Sesamoid bones are?

A

small detached bones

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8
Q

CR for AP and oblique foot?

A

Base of 3rd metatarsal
10 degrees posteriorly (supine)
15 degrees posteriorly (standing)

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9
Q

The sesamoid bones in the foot location?

A

plantar surface first metatarsal (head)

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10
Q

2 sesamoid bones name?
Which is medial, which is lateral?

A

Tibial is medial sesamoid bone
Fibular is lateral sesamoid bone

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11
Q

Mnemonic for Tarsals?

A

Come (calcaneus)
To (talus)
Colorado (cuboid)
Next (Navicular)
3 Christmases (3 Cuneiforms)

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12
Q

What is the Sinus tarsi?

A

The space in between the calcaneus and talus articulation

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13
Q

Calcaneus articulates anteriorly with:
Superiorly:

A

Cuboid
Talus

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14
Q

What is the largest Tarsal bone?

A

Calcaneus

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15
Q

Deep depression between posterior and middle articular facets are:

A

Calcaneal sulcus

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16
Q

What are the Tarsals from proximal to distal?

A

Calcaneus
Talus
Cuboid-Navicular
3 Cuneiforms

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17
Q

What are the three facets of the calcaneus in order?

A
  1. posterior facet (articular process)
  2. middle facet (articular surface)
  3. Anterior facet (articular surface)
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18
Q

What does the Navicular tarsal articulate with? (5)

A

Proximally (Posterior): talus (1)
Laterally: Cuboid (1)
Distally (Anteriorly): 3 Cuneiforms (3)

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19
Q

What does the Talus articulate with? (4)

A

superiorly: Tibia and Fibula (2)
Inferiorly: Calcaneus (1)
Distally (anteriorly): Navicular (1)

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20
Q

The superior calcaneus articulation with the Talus forms:

A

Subtalar joint

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21
Q

What does the Calcaneus articulate with? (2)

A

Anteriorly: Cuboid (1)
Superiorly: Talus (1)

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22
Q

What does the Cuboid articulate with? (5)

A

Proximally: calcaneus (1)
Medially: navicular & lateral cuneiform (2)
Distally: Fourth and fifth metatarsal (2)

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23
Q

What does the medial cuneiform articulate with? (4)

A

Proximally: Navicular (1)
Distally: First and second metatarsals (2)
Laterally: intermediate cuneiform (1)

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24
Q

What does the intermediate cuneiform articulate with? (4)

A

Proximally: Navicular (1)
Distally: Second metatarsal (1)
Laterally: Lateral cuneiform (1)
Medially: Medial cuneiform (1)

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25
What does lateral cuneiform articulate with? (6)
Distally: 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals (3) Proximally: Navicular (1) Laterally: Cuboid (1) Medially: intermediate cuneiform (1)
26
How many arches are there in the foot? What are they?
2 arches Transverse: from lateral to medial longitudinal: From Calcaneus to metatarsals
27
Medial malleolus is more ____ & ____ than the lateral malleolus
Anterior Superior
28
What kind of joint is the ankle?
Sellar or saddle joint
29
Inversion: AKA?
Inward turning/bending of the ankle aka Varus
30
Eversion: AKA?
outward turning/bending of ankle aka valgus
31
Dorsiflexion:
anterior side of the foot (dorsal side) is flexed upwards (tippy toes)
32
Plantar flexion:
posterior side of the foot (plantar side) is flexed downwards
33
What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints?
ginglymus or hinge
34
What kind of joints are the Metatarsophalangeal joints?
ellipsoidal or condyloid (modified)
35
What kind of joints are the Tarsometatarsal joints:
plane or gliding
36
What kind of joints are the Intertarsal joint: (tarsals)
plane or gliding
37
What kind of joints are the ankle joint:
Saddle or sellar
38
What kind of joints are the knee joints: AKA Femorotibial
Bicondylar
39
What kind of joints are the Knee joints: AKA patellofemoral
saddle or sellar
40
What kind of joints are the proximal tibiofibular joint:
plane or gliding
41
Distal tibiofibular Classification: Mobility type:
Fibrous Amphiarthrodial (slightly moveable) syndesmosis Type
42
AP foot is what kind of projection?
Dorsoplantar (DP)
43
PA foot is what kind of projection?
Plantodorsal
44
Pathology: Gout
form of arthritis excessive blood in joints Starts in first MTP
45
Pathology: Bone Cysts
bone lesions filled with clear fluid common in pediatric patients in the knee
46
Pathology: Osgood-Schlatter disease
bone/cartilage inflammation of the anterior proximal tuberosity common among boys 10-15
47
Pathology: Paget Disease
disrupts new bone growth very dense and soft bone
48
Pathology: Don Juan
49
Pathology: Reiter syndrome
erosion of the Achilles tendon of the posterosuperior calcaneus
50
Pathology:
51
Pathology:
52
Pathology:
53
Pathology:
54
Pathology:
55
Criteria for AP Toes:
Patient supine, knee flexed 10-15 degrees toward calcaneus/ (knee) CR at MTP joint 40 SID 55 kvp 2-5 mAs
56
Criteria for oblique Toes:
Patient supine, knee flexed 30-45 degrees rotation (medially or lateral) CR at the digits MTP SID 40" 55 kVp 2-5 mAs
57
Criteria for lateral Toes: (will be on lab exam)
position towards side with least amount of OID (medial or lateral side) 40" SID CR at the IP joint for first digit CR at the PIP joint for digits 2-5
58
Criteria for AP foot: aka Dorsoplantar projection
Patient supine, knee flexed angle 10 degrees toward heel (posteriorly) (15 degrees for standing) CR at BASE of third metatarsal 40" SID 55 kVp 2-5 mAs
59
Criteria for Oblique foot:
Patient supine Rotate foot medially 30-40 degrees (2 fingers underneath) CR base of 3rd metatarsal SID 40" 55 kVp 2-5 mAs
60
Criteria for lateral foot:
Patient Supine Mediolateral projection CR is at medial cuneiform (level of base of third metatarsal) SID 40" 55 kVp 2-5 mAs
61
Criteria for AP Mortise ankle:
patient supine internally rotate about 15-20 degrees until intermalleolar is parallel to IR (Malleoli are even) CR midway between malleoli SID 40" 55 kVp 2-5 mAs
62
Criteria for AP ankle:
Patient supine CR midpoint between malleoli SID 40" 55 kVp 2-5 mAs
63
Criteria for lateral ankle:
Patient supine Mediolateral projection CR pointed at medial malleolus SID 40" 55 kvp 2-5 mAs
64
How many degrees difference is there between the lateral and medial distal femur epicondyles?
5-7 degree difference (this is why we angle 5-7 degrees cephalic for superimposition for lateral knee)
65
The fibula is considered to be more _____
posterior
66
The extreme proximal aspect of the fibula is pointed and known as the
apex
67
The patella is a:
sesamoid bone
68
How many degrees is the tibial plateau? where is this located?
10-20 degrees Proximal tibia (where it connects to the knee joint)
69
Patellar surface is: aka?
smooth shallow triangular depression on anterior distal femur also known as intercondylar sulcus (behind the patella)
70
where is the popliteal located?
Distal posterior femur
71
What is the joint name for between the patella and femur?
patellofemoral joint
72
What is the intercondylar fossa? Where is it located?
very deep notch located on the posterior distal femur
73
Which side of the patella is smooth? Which side is rough?
posterior surface smooth anterior surface rough
74
Base of the patella is located? Apex of patella is located?
Base located superiorly Apex located at the inferior portion (due to Apex meaning "point")
75
4 major ligaments of the knee include:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL) Tibial (medial) collateral ligament (MCL)
75
Patellofemoral joint is apart of the:
knee joint
76
The Fibular collateral ligament (LCL) extends from:
femur to lateral proximal fibula
77
PA foot is a ____ projection:
Plantodorsal projection
78
AP foot is a _____ projection:
Dorsoplantar projection
79
Sustentaculum tali means: Located?
support for the talus medial proximal aspect of the calcaneus
80
Which bone in the foot is most often fractured?
base of fifth metatarsal
81
What is the strongest and largest tarsal bone?
calcaneus
81
Sustentaculum tali is found on the
calcaneus
82
The articular facets making up the tibial plateau slopes posteriorly at angles of:
10 to 20 degrees
83
CR for AP toe vs CR for lateral Toe
AP is MTP Lateral is PIP
83
Main difference between intercondylar sulcus and fossa?
Sulcus is located behind the patella (anterior distal femur) fossa is located behind the femur (posterior distal femur)
83
AP Toe angle:
10 to 15 degrees towards the calcaneus
83
What Tarsal is shown free of superimposition in a lateral Foot?
Cuboid (possibly base/tuberosity of 5th metatarsal)
83
Which side of the patella is smooth?
Posterior surface of patella
84
Which side of the patella is rough?
anterior surface of the patella
84
What cuneiform is shown in a lateral (mediolateral) foot?
Medial cuneiform
84
Intercondyloid eminence is located:
Proximal anterior tibula
84
Intercondylar fossa is located on:
Distal anterior femur
85
Where is the patellar surface located?
distal anterior femur
85
Where is the popliteal surface located?
distal posterior femur
85
How much angle difference between the medial and lateral condyles of the distal femur?
5-7 degrees difference (medial sits lower than the lateral) (why we angle in lateral knee)
86
What is the inferior surface of the patella?
Apex
86
Patella is what?
a sesamoid (largest in the body)
86
What is the superior part of the patella called?
Base
86
The patella lies superior to the _____ ______
distal femur
87
What are the 3 parts of the proximal fibula in order from proximal to distal?
Apex of fibula Head of fibula Neck of fibula
87
Patella surface is also known as the:
intercondylar sulcus or trochlear groove
87
Where is the patellofemoral joint?
located between the patella and femur (hint the name)
88
What is the anatomy located on the distal anterior tibia?
anterior tubercle
88
What is the tuberosity located on the anterior proximal tibia?
Tibial tuberosity
89
______ _______ ______ is seen on the ankle only for pediatric patients
tibial epiphyseal plate (epiphyseal fusion plate)
90
Where is the Apex of the fibula located?
where the fibula and tibia meet
91
What makes the lateral malleolus?
Fibula
92
What is the trauma for AP knee?
non weight bearing table top
93
What view do you see the patella free of superimposition?
lateral knee
94
What is the CR for AP knee?
1/2 inch inferior to Apex of the knee
94
Angle for supine AP foot: Angle for standing AP foot:
10 degrees cephalic (toward heel) 15 degrees cephalic (toward heel)
95
for an AP supine knee with a patient measuring 19-24cm thighs and buttocks? <19cm? >24cm?
0 angle 3-5 caudad 3-5 cephalic
96
PA flexion angle and CR?
angle 10 degrees caudad CR 1/2-inch inferior to the Apex of patella
97
How many degrees should femur be from IR in a PA flexion knee?
45 degrees from IR
98
What method does Mayo use for a PA knee flexion?
Rosenberg method
99
What are the 3 variations of the PA flexion knee?
camp Coventry Holmblad method Beclere Method
100
What is the position, projection and flexion of the camp Coventry method?
Prone PA 40-50 flexion
101
What is the position, projection and flexion of the Holmblad method?
prone-ish, kneeling on all fours PA 60-70 degree flexion
102
What is the position, projection and flexion of the Beclere method?
Supine AP 40-45 degrees flexion of knee
103
for a lateral knee, Bontrager recommends bringing the _____ knee forward while Mayo insists on the _______ knee forward
affected unaffected
104
What is the CR and angle for a lateral knee?
CR 1 inch inferior to femoral epicondyles angle 5-7 degrees cephalic (due to the condyles of the femur being angled)
105
In a lateral knee, we flex the knee?
20-30 degrees flexion
106
What are the two obliques for the knee?
External (lateral) Internal (medial)
107
How many views for Tibia and Fibula? IR size?
2 views AP and Lateral 14 x 17 inches
108
If limb is too long for the IR how can we correct this?
anatomy placed diagonally on IR
109
How much rotation for a AP oblique (medial)?
Plantar surface 30-40 degrees medially

Donny RAD POS ll (8 decks)

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