Ch. 6 Review

Question 1

Why do cells have membranes?

Answer 1

It’s a barrier to maintain internal chemistry of the cell
CELL WALL DOESN’T DO THIS

Question 2

Membranes have…

Answer 2

Functionality

Question 3

Membranes allow cells to ______ with each other because they have ______

Answer 3

Communicate, receptors

Question 4

Do bacteria have internal compartments?

Answer 4

NO

Question 5

Which organelles have 2 membranes?

Answer 5

Nuclear envelope
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts

Question 6

Nuclear pores allow…

Answer 6

RNA to leave the nucleus, its where the two membranes come together

Question 7

Where are proteins made in the cell?

Answer 7

Ribosomes

Question 8

What two macromolecules compose a ribosome

Answer 8

Polypeptides and rRNA (nucleic acids)

Question 9

A ribosome is a ______ complex

Answer 9

Macromolecule

Question 10

What organelles are in the EMS

Answer 10

ER (rough and smooth), golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, the cell membrane

Question 11

Define the characteristics of the Rough ER

Answer 11

-Covered in ribosomes
-contains chaperones
-Site of protein synthesis

Question 12

Chaperones can help?

Answer 12

Proteins fold

Question 13

Proteins in the Rough ER can either…

Answer 13

Stay in the rough ER or leave in a transport vesiscle

Question 14

Define the Smooth ER

Answer 14

-no ribsomes
-makes lipids (all kinds)
-detoxifies drugs
-stores glycogen

Question 15

What cell would be rich in SER

Answer 15

Liver cells

Question 16

The golgi contains a unique set of _____

Answer 16

Enzymes in its flattened sacs

Question 17

Golgi receives vesicles from the _____

Answer 17

ER

Question 18

Vesicles in the golgi are transmitted _____ the golgi

Answer 18

Through

Question 19

Vesicles that move through the golgi are?

Answer 19

Chemically modified, this is the final stage of activating a protein

Question 20

The golgi’s essential function is

Answer 20

modifying and activating proteins then preparing them for shipment elsewhere

Question 21

Where do vesicles leaving the golgi go?

Answer 21

1. go to the cell membrane so the cell membrane can GROW
   (secretion)
2. goes to lysosomes

Question 22

EMS is a way to ____

Answer 22

Export cell products outside the cell

Question 23

Lysosomes contain…

Answer 23

Hydrolytic enzymes to do hydrolysis (break down molecules)

Question 24

Lysosomes can fuse with…

Answer 24

vesicles/food vacuoles originating from the plasma membrane

Question 25

Food vacuoles bud ____ from the cell membrane

Answer 25

IN

Question 26

Plant vacuoles increase...

Answer 26

The surface area to volume ratio of cells

Question 27

Name two cell types that make food vacuoles

Answer 27

Amoebas and macrophages

Question 28

Autophagy allows..

Answer 28

organelles to be recycled

Question 29

Why dont lysosomal enzymes digest the ER

Answer 29

Because the enzymes are turned off until they reach the lysosome

Question 30

What do lysosomes have to do with the GI tract

Answer 30

NOTHING

Question 31

Proteins sent to lysosomes become what?

Answer 31

Lysosomal enzymes

Question 32

What cells would be rich in ER and Golgi

Answer 32

important in cells that make and export molecular products Ex. gland cells, B-Cells

Question 33

Can cells have more than one golgi and ER?

Answer 33

YES

Question 34

Bound ribosomes make proteins for...

Answer 34

Proteins made for secretion -ER -Golgi -Lysosome -cell membrane

Question 35

Free ribosomes make proteins for

Answer 35

-cytosol -mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 36

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ____ and are ______

Answer 36

DNA and are semi autonomous

Question 37

What cells would be rich in mitochondria?

Answer 37

Muscle cells

Question 38

Mitochondria use _____ to make _____

Answer 38

sugar to make ATP

Question 39

Chloroplasts use _____ to make ______

Answer 39

light to make sugar

Question 40

Chloroplasts may be rich in what kind of cells

Answer 40

leaves

Question 41

What gives shells their shapes?

Answer 41

The cytoskeleton

Question 42

The cytoskeleton is...

Answer 42

-A network of fibers spanning the cytosol -gives cells their shape

Question 43

Cytoskeleton is made of what?

Answer 43

Protein

Question 44

Cytoskeleton provides what

Answer 44

motility and transport

Question 45

The cytoskeleton is ________

Answer 45

Dynamic

Question 46

Cytoskeleton is made of what three fibers

Answer 46

-Microfilaments -Intermediate filaments -Microtubles

Question 47

Microfilaments functions are what? Found where? It's made of what?

Answer 47

-create pseudopodia -cytoplasmic streaming -muscle contraction Found in animal cell division (contractile ring) Actin

Question 48

Intermediate filaments functions are what? Its made of what?

Answer 48

-gives shape and support to the NUCLEUS -main structural component of hair/nails and claws/horns/hooves Keratin

Question 49

Microtubules function is what? What is it made of?

Answer 49

-guide vesicle movement -cause flagella/cilia to beat -cell division (centrosomes) Tubulin

Question 50

Animal cells keep their solutes _____

Answer 50

Balanced

Question 51

Cell walls functions are what?

Answer 51

-prevent cells from excessive water uptake -gives support and form in multicellular organisms

Question 52

What organisms are cell walls found in?

Answer 52

plants, prokaryotes, fungi, some protists

Question 53

What are the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 53

prokaryotic- very small, (1-10mm), no nucleus, no organelles, free floating DNA eukaryotic- very large (10-100mm), membrane bound organelles, nuclear envelope

Question 54

Surface area to volume ratio is small when a cell is...

Answer 54

large

Question 55

Surface area to volume ratio is large when a cell is....

Answer 55

small

Question 56

The ratio of surface area and volume does not

Answer 56

increase proportionally

Question 57

Central vacuoles increase what...

Answer 57

cytosolic volume

Question 58

What are 2 proteins in the plasma membrane

Answer 58

1. receptors 2. transport proteins