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Fire Officer Principles and Practices 4th JBL > Ch 7-8 > Flashcards

Ch 7-8 Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

Front

A

Back

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the Incident Command System (ICS)?

A

To provide a standardized management structure for coordinating strategy, tactics, resources, and information during emergency incidents.

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3
Q

Who developed the FIRESCOPE program?

A

Fire agencies in California after large-scale wildland fires to address problems in complex emergency incidents.

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4
Q

What is the Fire Ground Command (FGC) system?

A

A system developed in Phoenix, Arizona, for managing small to medium-sized urban emergencies like structural fires and hazmat incidents.

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5
Q

What is the National Incident Management System (NIMS)?

A

A nationwide framework for incident management enabling effective collaboration across all emergency response organizations.

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6
Q

What are the five components of NIMS?

A

Preparedness, communications and information management, resource management, command and management, ongoing management and maintenance.

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7
Q

What is the recommended span of control in ICS?

A

Three to five individuals reporting to one supervisor.

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8
Q

What are the three levels of command in ICS?

A

Strategic, tactical, and task.

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9
Q

Who is responsible for the strategic level in ICS?

A

The Incident Commander (IC), who sets overall direction and goals.

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10
Q

What is a tactical objective in ICS?

A

Actions necessary to achieve strategic goals, managed by a tactical-level supervisor.

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11
Q

What is a task-level assignment in ICS?

A

Physical actions performed by fire companies or teams to achieve tactical objectives, like searching or operating hose lines.

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12
Q

What are the three strategic priorities of the Incident Commander?

A

Life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation.

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13
Q

What must the first-arriving fire officer do at an incident?

A

Establish command and manage the incident until relieved by a higher-ranking officer.

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14
Q

What information should be included in the initial radio report?

A

Unit identification, incident description, conditions, actions, strategy, safety concerns, command assumption, and resource needs.

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15
Q

What are the three initial operational modes a fire officer can choose?

A

Investigation, fast-attack, and command mode.

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16
Q

When is the investigation mode used?

A

When there is nothing showing or the incident appears minor, requiring the first company to investigate.

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17
Q

What is the fast-attack mode?

A

Used when immediate action is needed to save lives, with the officer commanding via portable radio while engaged.

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18
Q

When is the command mode appropriate?

A

For large, complex, or dangerous incidents requiring the officer to establish a command post and direct operations.

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19
Q

Why are ‘nothing showing’ calls dangerous?

A

They can rapidly deteriorate, and firefighters may be unprepared without proper PPE or equipment.

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20
Q

What should firefighters do during a ‘nothing showing’ investigation?

A

Assume a fire exists, wear PPE, use thermal imagers, check the fire alarm panel, and hold the first-alarm assignment.

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21
Q

What is a tactical worksheet?

A

A form used by the IC to address tactical issues and diagram resource locations.

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22
Q

What are the nine functions of command?

A

Determine strategy, select tactics, establish IAP, develop ICS organization, manage resources, coordinate activities, ensure safety, release information, coordinate with agencies.

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23
Q

Who initiates the Incident Action Plan (IAP)?

A

The first-arriving fire officer as part of the initial size-up and actions.

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24
Q

What is the purpose of the IAP?

A

To outline the strategy, tactics, and resource assignments to achieve incident objectives.

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25
How does the IC ensure scene safety?
By designating an incident safety officer and maintaining fire fighter accountability.
26
What is fire fighter accountability?
A system to track firefighters at an incident, ensuring compliance with OSHA regulations in IDLH environments.
27
What does OSHA regulation 29 CFR 1910.134 require for IDLH areas?
At least two firefighters enter together, stay in contact, and have two equipped firefighters outside for rescue.
28
What is a Rapid Intervention Team (RIT)?
A team positioned outside an IDLH area to account for interior teams and perform rescues if needed.
29
What did the Phoenix RIT drill analysis reveal?
Rapid intervention is not rapid, highlighting the need for better training and preparedness.
30
What is the role of the first-arriving fire officer in ICS?
To assume initial command, establish the management structure, and follow SOPs.
31
What is the history of ICS development?
Evolved from FIRESCOPE for wildland fires and FGC for urban incidents, merged into NIMS-compliant ICS.
32
What is NFPA 1561?
Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System and Command Safety.
33
What is NFPA 1026?
Standard for Incident Management Personnel Professional Qualifications, defining NIMS job performance requirements.
34
What is the FEMA IS-100 course?
Introduction to ICS, covering its history, principles, and role in NIMS.
35
What is the FEMA IS-200 course?
ICS for Single Resources and Initial Action Incidents, for small or growing incidents.
36
What is the ICS-300 course?
Intermediate ICS for Expanding Incidents, a 2-day hands-on course for command staff.
37
What is the ICS-400 course?
Advanced ICS for Complex Incidents, for area command or multiagency coordination.
38
What is the IS-700 course?
Introduction to NIMS, recommended for understanding community preparedness and incident command.
39
What is the IS-800 course?
Introduction to the National Response Framework and its application in responses.
40
What happens when an incident expands in ICS?
Management responsibilities are subdivided, adding branches, divisions, or groups.
41
What is the role of branches in ICS?
To group tactical components like divisions or groups in large incidents for better management.
42
How does ICS maintain flexibility?
By scaling the command structure to match the incident’s size and complexity.
43
What is the significance of the first 5 minutes at an incident?
The first-arriving officer’s actions dictate how the scene will run for the next hour.
44
What is the purpose of staging in ICS?
To keep units uncommitted and ready for assignment based on the investigation’s results.
45
What is an IDLH environment?
An immediately dangerous to life or health atmosphere, like a structure fire.
46
Why was fire fighter accountability improved?
Due to legal sanctions and IAFF’s request for OSHA regulation clarification.
47
What is the ICS organizational chart used for?
To assign all necessary functions at an incident, ensuring effective management.
48
What is the difference between offensive and defensive strategies?
Offensive involves direct fire attack inside the structure; defensive focuses on protecting exposures from outside.
49
How does the IC manage resources?
Through staging, assignments, and coordination within the incident management system.
50
What is the benefit of NIMS compliance?
Eligibility for federal disaster assistance and standardized incident management.
51
How is command transferred?
Using a standard procedure where the initial IC briefs the relieving officer, who assumes command.
52
Front
Back
53
What is risk management in the fire service?
The process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources and activities to minimize detrimental effects on the organization.
54
What are the three types of risk management controls?
Administrative, engineering, and personnel protection controls.
55
What is an example of an administrative control?
Establishing a brush control ordinance to limit fire spread in urban-wildland interface areas.
56
What is an example of an engineering control?
Installing fire sprinklers in residences to improve life safety and reduce property loss.
57
What is an example of a personnel protection control?
Providing a smoke hood for occupants escaping a high-rise fire.
58
What are the five principal steps of risk management?
Identify risk exposure, evaluate risk exposure, rank and prioritize risks, determine and implement control actions, evaluate and revise control actions.
59
How can a fire officer identify risk exposure?
By reviewing NFPA injury/death reports, OSHA-required reporting, and benchmarking with similar-sized departments.
60
What questions help evaluate risk exposure?
What is the local and national experience? What are the probabilities and consequences of events?
61
How should risks be prioritized?
Focus on events with devastating outcomes and high frequency first.
62
What should be considered when implementing risk controls?
Administrative, engineering, and personal protection controls, including interim steps if funding is delayed.
63
Why is monitoring risk control actions important?
To ensure controls reduce risk and to identify any unanticipated problems.
64
What are the leading types of fire fighter injuries?
Strains and sprains (48%), wounds/cuts/bruises (15%), smoke/gas inhalation (7%), thermal stress (5%).
65
What are the primary causes of fire fighter fatalities?
Sudden cardiac death (39%), internal trauma/crushing (36%), asphyxia (9%), burns (5%).
66
What is the Everyone Goes Home program?
A National Fallen Firefighters Foundation initiative to prevent line-of-duty deaths and injuries through 16 Life Safety Initiatives.
67
What is the goal of the 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives?
To change the fire service culture to prioritize safety and reduce deaths and injuries.
68
What are four habits to improve fire fighter safety?
Be physically fit, wear seat belts, practice safety through training, and maintain company integrity.
69
What is the Firefighter Near Miss Reporting System?
A web-based system by the IAFC to report and share near-miss incidents confidentially to identify trends.
70
How can sudden cardiac deaths be reduced?
Through regular medical exams, physical fitness programs, and lifestyle changes like stopping smoking and managing weight.
71
Why are fire fighters at higher risk for suicide?
Due to fire service culture stigma around mental health and high stress; peer support programs help reduce this risk.
72
What resources support fire fighter mental health?
NVFC’s Share the Load, MUSC’s Helping Heroes, IAFF’s peer support guide, IAFC’s Under the Helmet report.
73
Why are fire fighters at higher risk for cancer?
Due to exposure to carcinogens in modern fires; they have a 9% higher diagnosis risk than the general population.
74
What is the Firefighter Cancer Registry?
Legislation signed in 2018 to document occupational diseases and mortality among fire fighters.
75
What are some best practices to prevent fire fighter cancer?
Wear full PPE, use SCBA during overhaul, decontaminate PPE and skin, shower within the hour, avoid tobacco.
76
What does NFPA 1851 specify?
Standards for selection, care, and maintenance of protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting.
77
How can motor vehicle collision deaths be reduced?
By obeying traffic laws, using seat belts, driving sober, and controlling speed.
78
What does NFPA 1500 require for apparatus drivers?
Completion of an approved driver training program before operating fire apparatus.
79
Why is seat belt use critical?
It prevents ejection in crashes, potentially saving three to six fire fighter lives annually.
80
What are the primary noncardiac causes of death in fire suppression?
Internal trauma/crushing, followed by asphyxia and burns.
81
Why is maintaining crew integrity important?
To prevent single fire fighter deaths due to becoming lost or disoriented; 82% of suppression fatalities involve one fire fighter.
82
What are the four root causes of fire fighter fatalities?
Under-resourcing, inadequate preparation, incomplete incident command adoption, suboptimal personnel readiness.
83
How should SCBA air management be handled?
Monitor air levels on entry/exit, know cylinder capacity, exit before low-air alarm, and conduct accountability roll calls.
84
What is the minimum size of an interior work team?
Two fire fighters, both with full PPE, SCBA, PASS device, and at least one radio.
85
Why are thermal imaging devices critical?
They help navigate smoke-filled areas, locate victims, evaluate fire conditions, and find escape routes.
86
What should fire officers do during training evolutions?
Ensure competence, practice high-risk scenarios, and reinforce safety through drills and skill certifications.
87
What causes deaths during live fire training?
Inadequate instructor training, insufficient instructors, poor recruit preparation, no incident management, no rehab or EMS.
88
What does NFPA 1041 specify?
Qualifications for fire service instructors, including Instructor I and Live Fire Instructor for live fire training.
89
What is the role of the incident safety officer?
To monitor the scene, identify/report hazards to the IC, and stop unsafe actions to ensure safety policies are followed.
90
What authority does the incident safety officer have?
To suspend or alter activities in imminent hazard situations and inform the IC immediately.
91
What are the qualifications for an incident safety officer?
Must be a Fire Officer I per NFPA 1021, trained in safety hazards, building construction, accountability, and rehab.
92
What are typical tasks of an incident safety officer?
Ensure safety zones, monitor communications, evaluate traffic hazards, ensure rehab, and initiate accident investigations.
93
When are assistant incident safety officers needed?
For large, complex, or long-duration incidents like high-rise fires or hazmat incidents.
94
What is incident scene rehabilitation?
Providing rest, rehydration, nourishment, and medical evaluation for fire fighters during strenuous operations.
95
What are key rehabilitation guidelines?
Stop before dropping, cool down, warm up, stay hydrated, drink noncaffeinated drinks, monitor vital signs.
96
How should safety policies be reinforced?
Through signed acknowledgments, group discussions, video critiques, and resources like IAFC Near Miss reports.
97
Why is physical fitness important for injury prevention?
It reduces sprains/strains and heart attack risk through strength, flexibility, and cardiovascular training.
98
What PPE should fire fighters carry?
Radio, flashlight, forcible entry tool, wire cutters, and personal escape rope for safety in hazardous areas.
99
How should fire station safety be maintained?
Keep floors clear, use exhaust systems, maintain fire extinguishers/smoke alarms, and ensure proper food prep hygiene.
100
What are the components of an NFPA 1581 infection control program?
Policy, risk management plan, training, designated officer, immunizations, and exposure handling instructions.
101
What are the steps for handling an infectious disease exposure?
Wash exposed area with soap and water, notify infection control officer, document exposure, and seek medical guidance.
102
What are the phases of an accident investigation?
Collect physical evidence, interview witnesses, and document findings with recommendations.

Fire Officer Principles and Practices 4th JBL (7 decks)

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