Ch. 7 Nervous System Terms And Conditions Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
Agents that relieves pain by blocking nerve sensations
A
Anesthetic
2
Q
Agents that induces sleep
A
Hypnotic
3
Q
Agents that relieves feelings of agitation
A
Sedative
4
Q
Agents that relieve pain by inducing a stuporous or euphoric state
A
Narcotics
5
Q
Agent that lessens or prevents convulsions
A
Anticonvulsant
6
Q
Agent that relieves or eliminates pain
A
Analgesics
7
Q
Surgical severing of the vagus nerve
A
Vagotomy
8
Q
Suturing of a severed nerve
A
Neurorrhaphy
9
Q
Dissection of a nerve
A
Neurotomy
10
Q
Surgical removal of a nerve
A
Neurectomy
11
Q
Surgical repair of a nerve
A
Neuroplasty
12
Q
Destruction of deep-seated brain structures using 3D coordinates to locate the structures
A
Stereotaxy / stereotactic surgery
13
Q
Incision into the skull
A
Craniotomy
14
Q
Removal of a part of the skull
A
Craniectomy
15
Q
Incision into the frontal lobe of the brain
A
Lobotomy
16
Q
- Removal of one of the lobes of the lung
- Removal of a portion of the brain to treat certain disorders
A
Lobectomy
17
Q
Nervous system disorder that causes uncontrollable, sudden lapses into deep sleep
A
Narcolepsy
18
Q
Extreme sleepiness caused by a neurological disorder
A
Somnolence
19
Q
Loss of consciousness due to a sudden lack of oxygen in the brain
A
Fainting / syncope
20
Q
Loss of speech
A
Aphasia
21
Q
Speech difficulty
A
Dysphasia
22
Q
Abnormal widening of an artery wall that bursts and released blood; ballooning of the artery wall caused by weakness in the wall
A
Aneurysm
23
Q
Stroke caused by blood escaping from a damaged cerebral artery
A
Hemorrhagic stroke
24
Q
Mass of foreign material blocking a vessel; clot from somewhere in the body that blocks a small blood vessel in the brain
A
Embolus
25
Sudden stroke caused by an embolus
Embolic stroke
26
Short neurological incident usually not resulting in permanent injury, but usually signaling that a larger stroke may occur
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
27
Stroke caused by a thrombus
Thrombotic stroke
28
Blocking of a blood vessel, the closing of a blood vessel
Occlusion
29
Blood clot; stationary blood clot in the cardiovascular system, usually formed from matter found in the blood
Thrombus
30
Neurological incident caused by disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke
Cerebro vascular accident
31
Any group of nerve cell bodies forming a mass or a cyst in the peripheral nervous system; usually forms in the wrist
Ganglion
32
Most malignant form of glioma
Glioblastoma multiforme
33
Type of glioma formed from oligodendroglia
Oligodendroglioma
34
Type of glioma formed from astrocytes
Astrocytoma
35
Tumor that arises from the meninges
Meningioma
36
1. Pain in the lower back, radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury/condition
2. Inflammation of the sciatic nerve
Sciatica
37
Inflammation of the spinal nerve roots
Radiculitis
38
Meningitis caused by a virus and not as severe as pyrogenic meningitis
Viral meningitis
39
Meningitis caused by bacteria, can be fatal; bacterial meningitis
Pyrogenic meningitis
40
Inflammation of the meninges
Meningitis
41
Viral disease affecting peripheral nerves and caused by herpes zoster
Shingles
42
Neurological disorder that causes uncontrollable speech sounds and tics
Tourette syndrome
43
Severe epileptic seizure accompanied by convulsion, twitching, and loss of consciousness
Grand mal seizure
44
Severe epileptic seizure accompanied by convulsions, twitching, and loss of consciousness
Tonic-clonic seizure
45
Mild epileptic seizure consisting of brief disorientation with the environment
Petit mal seizure
46
Mild epileptic seizure consisting of brief disorientation with the environment
Absence seizure
47
Group of symptoms that precede a seizure
Aura
48
Chronic recurrent seizure activity
Epilepsy
49
Condition with uncoordinated voluntary muscular movements, usually resulting from disorders of the cerebellum or spinal cord
Ataxia
50
Paralysis of one side of the face; usually temporary
Bell’s palsy
51
Congenital disease caused by damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth and resulting in a lack of motor coordination
Cerebral palsy
52
Partial or complete paralysis
Palsy
53
Substance in the brain or manufactured substance that helps relieve symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
Dopamine
54
Degeneration of the nerves in the brain caused by lack of sufficient dopamine
Parkinson disease
55
Disease involving overproduction of antibodies that block certain neurotransmitters; caused muscle weakness
Myasthenia gravis
56
Abnormal sensation, such as tingling
Parasthesia
57
Destruction of myelin sheath, particularly in multiple sclerosis
Demyelination
58
Degenerative disease with loss of myelin, resulting in muscle weakness, extreme fatigue, and some paralysis
Multiple sclerosis
59
Hereditary disorder with uncontrollable, jerking movements
Huntington chorea
60
Degenerative disease of the motor neurons leading to the loss of muscular control and death
Lou Gehrig disease
61
Degenerative disease of the motor neurons leading to the loss of muscular control and death
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
62
Inability to receive and understand outside stimuli
Agnosia
63
Inability to properly use familiar objects
Apraxia
64
Loss of memory
Amnesia
65
A type of degenerative brain disease causing thought disorders, gradual loss of muscle control, and, eventually, death
Alzheimer’s disease
66
Deterioration in mental capacity, usually in the elderly
Dementia
67
Overproduction of fluid in the brain
Hydrocephalus
68
Hereditary disease that causes deterioration in the central nervous system and, eventually, death
Tay-Sachs disease
69
In spina bifida cyst is, protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord above the surface of the skin
Meningimyelocele
70
Congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column
Spina bifida
71
Withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid from between 2 lumbar vertebrae
Lumbar puncture
72
Reflex on the plantar surface of the foot
Babinski reflex
73
Involuntary muscular contraction in response to a stimulus
Reflex
74
Brain images produced by the use of sound waves
Transcranial sonogram
75
Record of the radio graphic study of the brain
Encephalogram
76
X-ray of the brain’s blood vessels after a dye is injected
Cerebral angiogram
77
X-ray of the spinal cord after a contrast medium has been injected
Myelogram
78
Radio graphic imaging that produces cross-sectional images
Computerized (axial) tomography
(CT or CAT)
79
Type of nuclear image that reveals how tissues and organs are functioning. It can also detect diseases and abnormal metabolic activity.
Positron emission tomography brain scan
(PET)
80
Brain image produced by the use of radioactive isotopes
Single-photon emission computed tomography brain scan
(SPECT)
81
Recording of electrical and movement patterns during sleep
Polysomnography (PSG)
82
Timing of the conductivity of an electrical shock administered to peripheral nerves
Nerve conduction velocity
83
Record of the electrical impulses of the brain
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
84
In Spina bifida cyst is, protrusion of the spinal meninges above the surface of the skin
Meningocele
85
Pain in the head
Cephalgia
86
Incision into the thalamus
Thalamotomy
87
Abnormal growth of neuroglia in the brain or spinal column
Gliomatosis
88
Softening of the spinal cord
Myelomalacia
89
Relating to the face and the cranium
Craniofacial
90
Inflammation of a nerve
Neuritis
91
Inflammation of the ventricles of the brain
Ventriculitis
92
Having the shape of a ganglion
Gangliform
93
Inflammation of the cerebellum
Cerebellitis
94
Surgical severing of the vagus nerve
Vagotomy
95
Inflammation of the brain
Encephalitis
96
Part of the autonomic nervous system that operates when the body is in a normal state
Parasympathetic nervous system
97
Part of the autonomic nervous system that operates when the body is under stress
Sympathetic nervous system
98
Part of the peripheral nervous system that carries impulses from the central nervous system to glands, smooth muscles, and veinous membranes
Autonomic nervous system
99
Part of the peripheral nervous system that received and processes sensory input from various parts of the body
Somatic nervous system
100
Any of 31 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the spinal cord and the torso and extremities
Spinal nerves
101
Any of 12 pairs of nerves that carry impulses to and from the brain
Cranial nerves
102
Area between the pia matter and the bones of the spinal cord
Epidural space
103
Innermost layer of meninges
Pia matter
104
Area between the dura matter and the pia matter across which the arachnoid runs
Subdural space
105
Middle layer of meninges
Arachnoid
106
Outermost layer of the meninges
Dura matter
107
3 layers of membranes that cover and protect the brain and the spinal cord
Meninges
108
1. Either of 2 chambers of the heart
2. Cavity in the brain for cerebrospinal fluid
Ventricles
109
4 parts of the diencephalon; serve as sensory relay stations
Ventral thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus (also a gland that releases hormones to regulate pituitary hormones)
Thalamus
110
1 of 4 structures of the brain; it is the deep portion of the brain and contains the thalamus
Diencephalon
111
Bridge of nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the cerebrum
Corpus callosum
112
Controls memory, equilibrium, emotion, and hearing
Temporal lobe
113
Controls and interprets the senses and taste
Parietal lobe
114
Controls voluntary motor movements, emotional expression, and moral behavior
Frontal lobe
115
Large masses of grey matter within the cerebrum
Basal ganglia
116
Outer portion of the cerebrum
Cerebral cortex
117
1 of 4 main divisions of the brain; division involved with emotions, memory, conscious thought, moral behavior, sensory interpretation, and certain bodily movement.
Cerebrum
118
1 of 4 major divisions of the brain; division that coordinates musculoskeletal movement
Cerebellum
119
Part of the brain stem that regulates heart and lung functions, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing
Medulla oblongata
120
Part of the brainstem that controls certain respiratory functions
Pons
121
Part of the brainstem involved with visual reflexes
Midbrain
122
Tissue or organ that receives nerve impulses; part of a target cell with properties compatible with a particular substance
Receptor
123
Hormone produced in response to stress
Norepinephrine
124
Chemical that stimulates cells
Acetylcholine
125
Bundles of neurons that bear electrical messages to the organs and muscles of the body
Nerve
126
Carry and process sensory information
Interneurons
127
Carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system
Afferent neurons
128
Convey information to the muscle and glands from the central nervous system
Efferent neurons
129
Various substances located in tiny sacs areas the end of the axon
Neurotransmitters
130
Space over which the nerve impulses jump from one neuron to another
Synapse
131
Groups of fibers at the end of an axon that passes the impulse leaving the neuron to the neuron
Terminal end fibers
132
Fatty tissue that covers axons
Myelin sheath
133
Part of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body
Axon
134
Thin branching extension of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body
Dendrites
135
Basic element of the nervous system
Nerve cell / neuron
