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Genitourinary > Ch 7 Phys Exam of Breasts > Flashcards

Ch 7 Phys Exam of Breasts Flashcards

1
Q

Breast extends from the ____ rib to the ____ rib

A

2nd to 3rd

6th to 7th

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2
Q

Breasts extends from what margin?

A

Sternal margin to mid-axillary line

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3
Q

The female breast is composed of:

A

Granular and fibrous tissue

Fat

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4
Q

The glandular tissue of the breast is arranged into ____ lobes per breast

A

15-20

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5
Q

Each lobe is composed of ____ lobules

A

20-40 lobules

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6
Q

Consist of milk-producing acini cells that empty into lactiferous ducts during lactation

A

Lobules

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7
Q

Which duct drains milk from each lobe onto the surface of the nipple?

A

Lactiferous duct

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8
Q

Which ligaments extend from the connective tissue layer through the breast and attach to the underlying muscle fascia, providing support?

A

Suspensory ligaments

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9
Q

The muscles forming the floor of the breast:

A

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

Serratus anterior

Latissimus dorsi

Subscapularis

External oblique

Rectus abdominis

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10
Q

Five segments of the breast

A

4 Quadrants

1 Tail of spence

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11
Q

Vascular supply to the breast is primarily through branches of the:

A

Internal mammary

Lateral thoracic artery

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12
Q

Subcutaneous and retromammary fat that surrounds the glandular tissue lies in the _____ quadrant

A

Upper outer quadrant

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13
Q

The greatest amount of glandular tissue lies in the _____ quadrant

A

Upper Outer

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14
Q

Breast tissue from the upper outer quadrant extends from the quadrant into the axillae

A

Tail of Spence

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15
Q

What stimuli produces erection of the nipple and causes the lactiferous ducts to empty?

A

Tactile, sensory, or autonomic

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16
Q

In the axillae the mammary tissue is in direct contact with:

A

Axillary lymph nodes

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17
Q

Nipple erection is supported by:

A

Venous stasis in the erectile vascular tissue

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18
Q

Nipple range in color:

A

Pink to black

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19
Q

Lymphatic network that radiates the breast radially and deeply

A

Pectoral

Subscapular

Central

Brachial

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20
Q

Equipment for a breast exam

A

Small pillow or folded towel

Ruler

Flashlight with transilluminator

21
Q

Palpate breasts in what position?

A

Seated

Supine

22
Q

Five D’s related to nipples

A

Discharge

Depression

Discoloration

Dermatologic changes

Deviation

23
Q

Seated

Reinspect in what various positions?

A

Arms extended over head

Hands pressed against hips and shoulder

Leaning forward from waist

24
Q

Patient is seated with arms hanging freely

Palm of right hand is placed at the patient’s right clavicle at the sternum

Sweep downward from clavicle to the nipple feeling for superficial lumps

A

Chest wall sweep

25
Q

Place hand, palmar surface facing up, under the patient’s right breast

Position that hand so it is flat surface where you can compress

With the finger of the other hand, walk across the breast tissue

A

Bimanual digital palpation

26
Q

Palpate for lymph nodes on both females and males

Patient is seated, arms flexed at elbow

Using Palmer surface of your fingers, reach deeply into the axillary hollow, pushing firmly

Palpate medially, posterior wall along the scapular, supraclavicular, and infraclavicular

A

Lymph node palpation

27
Q

What do you palpate while the patient is laying supine?

A

All areas of the breast including the tail of Spence

Rotate fingers clockwise or counterclockwise; palpate light, medium, deep

28
Q

During palpation avoid lifting your fingers off the breast tissue because:

A

Makes it easy to miss tissue

29
Q

If a beast mass is felt, note its characteristic and palpate its:

A

Dimensions

Consistency

Mobility

30
Q

Nipple compression should be performed only if the patient reports:

A

Spontaneous discharge

31
Q

Normal findings

Breast tissue is:

A

Dense, firm, elastic

32
Q

Visible vein networks in patients who are:

A

Pregnant

Obese

33
Q

Decrease in glandular alveolar and lobular tissue

A

Premenopausal

34
Q

Glandular tissue atrophies and is replaced by fat

A

Menopause

35
Q

Breasts are flatter, longer, and more relaxed from the chest wall

A

Postmenopausal

36
Q

Breasts of older women are more:

A

Fine and granular

37
Q

Benign cyst formation caused by ductal enlargement is associated with a long follicular or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

Lesions are filled with fluid and usually bilateral and multiple

A

Fibrocystic changes

38
Q

Benign tumors composed of stromal and epithelial elements that represent a hyperplastic or proliferative process

Account for the majority of breast tumors in young women

A

Fibroadenoma

39
Q

Malignant breast tumors have peak incidence between ages ___ and ___ normally occurring in women older than ____

A

40 to 75

50

40
Q

Mass or thickening

Marked asymmetry

Prominent unilateral veins

Discoloration

Ulcerations

Dimpling

Puckering

Retraction of skin

Inversion/deviation of the nipple

A

Findings associated with breast cancer

41
Q

Response to local injury

A firm, irregular mass, often appearing as an area of discoloration

A

Fat necrosis

42
Q

Benign 2-3 cm tumors of the sub-areolar ducts that occur singly or in multiples.

Common cause of serous or bloody nipple discharge

A

Intraductal papilloma and Papillomatosis

43
Q

Surface manifestation of underlying ductal carcinoma.

Red, scaling, crusty patch forms on the nipple, areola, and surrounding skin

Lesions appear eczematous and usually unilateral

A

Paget disease

44
Q

Smooth, firm, mobile, tender disk of breast tissue located behind the areola in males.

Caused by hormone imbalance; by testicular, pituitary or hormone secreting tumors; liver failure or antihypertensive meds.

A

Gynecomastia

45
Q

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands in the areola

A

Retention cysts

46
Q

Lactation not associated with childbearing and most commonly caused by pituitary tumors, Cushing’s syndrome and hypoglycemia

A

Galactorrhea

47
Q

What drugs caused galactorrhea?

A

Phenothiazines

Tricyclics

Antidepressants

Estrogen

48
Q

Inflammation and infection of the breast tissue characterized by sudden onset of swelling, tenderness, erythema, and heat

Usually the result of a staph infection and most common in lactating women

A

Mastitis

49
Q

Most commonly occur in menopausal women

The sub-areolar ducts become blocked with desquamating secretory epithelium, necrotic debris, and chronic inflammatory cells

A

Mammary duct ectasia

Genitourinary (8 decks)

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