Ch 8

Question 1

Metabolic pathways

Answer 1

Totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

Question 2

Anabolic pathways

Answer 2

Consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones

Question 3

Catabolic pathways

Answer 3

Releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds

Question 4

Kinetic energy

Answer 4

Energy associated with motion

Question 5

Heat/thermal energy

Answer 5

Kinetic energy associated w/ random movement of atoms or molecules

Question 6

Potential energy

Answer 6

Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

Question 7

Chemical energy

Answer 7

Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Question 8

Entropy

Answer 8

Disorder of a System

Question 9

Spontaneous rxn

Answer 9

occurs without energy input
Can happen en quickly or slowly
Increases entropy of the universe

Question 10

Non spontaneous reaction

Answer 10

Requires energy input or energy coupling
Decreases the entropy of the universe

Question 11

Free energy 🔼 G

Answer 11

Energy that can do work
Related to a change in enthalpy or change in total energy
Only processes with a negative G are spontaneous

Question 12

Higher G

Answer 12

More free energy
Less stable
Greater work capacity
Reactants are favored

Question 13

Spontaneous change

Answer 13

Free energy decreases
System becomes more stable
Released free energy can now do work

Question 14

Lower G

Answer 14

Less free energy
More stable
Less work capacity

Question 15

Exergonic reactions

Answer 15

Proceeds with a het release of free energy and is spontaneous
Energy is released
Catabolic reactions
Breaking things down

Question 16

Endergonic reaction

Answer 16

Absorbs free energy from its surroundings and is non spontaneous
Energy is required
Anabolic pathways
Consumes energy to build pathways

Question 17

Energy coupling

Answer 17

How cells manage energy resources
Use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
Most are mediated by ATP

Question 18

Work cells can do

Answer 18

Chemical, transport, mechanical

Question 19

Enzyme

Answer 19

Speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barrier
Catalytic protein

Question 20

Catalyst

Answer 20

Chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Question 21

Activation energy

Answer 21

Initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Question 22

Substrate

Answer 22

Reactant that an enzyme acts on

Question 23

Active site

Answer 23

Region on enzyme where the substrate binds

Question 24

Induced fit

Answer 24

Brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reaction

Question 25

Cofactors

Answer 25

Nonprotein enzyme helpers
May be inorganic or organic

Question 26

Coenzyme

Answer 26

Organic cofactor, includes vitamins

Question 27

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 27

Reduces enzyme productivity by blocking substrates from entering active sites

Question 28

Enzyme inhibitors

Answer 28

Bind to enzyme by weak interactions, this is reversible
Attaching to enzyme is irreversible

Question 29

Non competitive inhibitors

Answer 29

Binds to enzyme away from active sites altering the shape of the enzyme

Question 30

Allosteric regulation

Answer 30

Can either inhibit or stimulate an enzyme
Any case in which a protein’s function at one site is affected by binding to a separate site

Question 31

cooperativity

Answer 31

Form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity