Chapter 20

Question 1

nucleic acid hybridization

Answer 1

the base pairing of one strand of a nucleic acid to a complementary sequence

Question 2

DNA sequencing

Answer 2

how researchers exploit the principle of complementary base pairing to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule

Question 3

genetic engineering

Answer 3

the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes

Question 4

DNA cloning

Answer 4

methods for preparing well defined segments of DNA in multiple identical copies

Question 5

plasmids

Answer 5

small circular DNA molecules that are replicated separately

Question 6

recombinant DNA molecule

Answer 6

a molecule containing DNA from two different sources

Question 7

cloning vector

Answer 7

a DNA molecule that can carry foreign DNA into a host cell and be replicated

Question 8

restriction enzymes

Answer 8

enzymes that cut DNA molecules at a limited number of specific locations

Question 9

restriction site

Answer 9

a short DNA sequence where a restriction enzyme is located

Question 10

restriction fragments

Answer 10

when a restriction enzyme makes many cuts in a such a DNA molecule

Question 11

sticky end

Answer 11

at least one single stranded end at the end of a double stranded restriction fragment

Question 12

complementary DNA

Answer 12

made from mRNA and lacks introns. can be used for protein expression in bacteria

Question 13

reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

Answer 13

a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single stranded RNA into DNA

Question 14

Genomic libraries

Answer 14

ex. plasmid library, phage library
can be a delivery system for bacteria

Question 15

how viruses replicate

Answer 15

replicate only in host cell, cannot replicate themselves, steal genetic information