Ch 9

Question 1

Fermentation

Answer 1

Partial degradation of sugars that occurs without 02
Alcohol fermentation, lactic acid fermentation

Question 2

Aerobic respiration

Answer 2

Consumes organic molecules and 02 and yields ATP

Question 3

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

Consumes compounds other than o2

Question 4

Cellular respiration

Answer 4

Includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration

Question 5

Oxidation

Answer 5

Substance loses electrons

Question 6

Reduction

Answer 6

Substance gains electrons (positive charge is reduced)

Question 7

Nadh

Answer 7

Passes the electrons to the electron transport chain
Represents stored energy that is tapped to synthesize ATP

Question 8

Nad+

Answer 8

Reduced form of NADH
Functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration
A coenzyme
Electron acceptor

Question 9

Glycolysis

Answer 9

Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
Sugar splitting, occurs in cytoplasm
02 is not present

Question 10

Citric acid cycle

Answer 10

Completes the breakdown of pyruvate to co2
Oxidizes organic fuel

Question 11

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 11

Mode of ATP synthesis
Powered by redox reactions in electron transport chain

Question 12

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 12

Few reactions of glycolysis and citric acid cycle
Forms smaller amount of ATP

Question 13

Phosphorylation

Answer 13

Attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or ion

Question 14

Pyruvate oxidation

Answer 14

Process that involves the oxidation of pyruvate to create coa

Question 15

Steps to cellular respiration

Answer 15

① glycolysis
② pyrvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
③ oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosnosis

Question 16

Chemiosmosis

Answer 16

Movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane
down electrochemical gradient