Ch 8: Early Adolescence

Question 1

Puberty occurs around __ for males and around __ for females

Answer 1

12 - males

9.5 to 12 - females

Question 2

Girls physical growth spurt is around age

Answer 2

10-11

Question 3

Some causes of early onset of puberty are

Answer 3

• genetic contributions

- environmental contributions (genetically modified foods, hormones in dairy products)

Question 4

T/F: physical changes can be a source of empowerment or embarrassment

Answer 4

T

Question 5

Secondary sex characteristics generally appear around age __ for boys

Answer 5

14

Question 6

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 6

growth of penis and testes, appearance of facial and body hair, changes in height and muscle development, depending of voice

Question 7

Adolescent cognitive development

Answer 7

abstract thinking, hypothetical thinking, advanced information processing strategies, reflect on self, solving problems

Question 8

T/F: adolescents are more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors and at times show low impulse control and poor decision-making

Answer 8

T

Question 9

T/F: the prefrontal cortex with its ability for executive function is still developing in adolescents

Answer 9

T

Question 10

Social development of adolescents

Answer 10

• transition from identifying with parents to peers
• logical thinking and explanations
• teen rebelling, detachment, conflict
• egocentric thinking (more in terms of the world revolves around them)

Question 11

T/F: adolescents have an extreme desire to fit in with a specific social group or any social group

Answer 11

T; can lead to stress, anxiety and depression

Question 12

T/F: positive peer relationships are important for a sense of identity and belonging in adolescents

Answer 12

T

Question 13

T/F: adolescents believe that their peers define them

Answer 13

T; sense of awareness about self depends on what others think of them in adolescents

Question 14

T/F: romantic relationships do not occur in adolescents

Answer 14

F; sexuality is a continuum not black and white; attraction and relationships start to occur

Question 15

Emotional development of adolescents

Answer 15

adolescents who grew up in unhealthy environments may have problems with attention and focus in school, engage in early sexual activity

Question 16

The development, maintenance, and application of generalizable, internal standards of conduct for one’s behavior

Answer 16

moral development of adolescence

Question 17

T/F: moral behavior is often connected to the emotions of empathy, kindness, sympathy, guilt, shame, and self-consciousness

Answer 17

T

Question 18

Which Erickson’s stage is the adolescent in?; what is the crisis of this stage?

Answer 18

identity vs. role confusion; who and I and what role do I play

Question 19

adolescents who have not experienced an identity crisis and have not committed to an identity

Answer 19

identity confusion (usually a leader/popular kid)

Question 20

adolescents who have committed to an identity without exploring themselves

Answer 20

identity foreclosure (predetermined jobs; forced to do something)

Question 21

adolescents who have experienced numerous crises and try on many identities but have not committed to an identity

Answer 21

identity moratorium (stuck)

Question 22

adolescents who have experienced an identity crisis, have explored many aspects of their identities, and have committed to an identity

Answer 22

identity achievement (experiment and find a fit)

Question 23

many individuals reform their identities during late adolescence and adulthood

Answer 23

identity closure

Question 24

T/F: body image and weight management become very important concerns to adolescents

Answer 24

T; early adolescents is often when weight concerns and problematic eating habits develop

Question 25

Intentional and sustained restriction of caloric intake for the purposes of weight loss or weight maintenance

Answer 25

dieting; dieting itself is a risk factor for development of eating disorders

Question 26

Why do eating disorders occur in adolescents

Answer 26

negative mood; dealt with by binge eating; goes against unrealistic desire to be thin; leads to bulimia; starts cycle

Question 27

T/F: adolescents engage in more risk-taking behavior when in the presence of peers

Answer 27

T

Question 28

deliberate self-injury that is intentional and directly injures the body tissue without suicidal intent

Answer 28

non-suicidal self-injury tendencies (NSSI)

Question 29

___% of adolescents participate in NSSI (self harm)

Answer 29

15-30%

Question 30

self harm is more common among what gender

Answer 30

females

Question 31

females tend to __ where males tend to ___ for self harm

Answer 31

females - cutting, scratching | males - burning, branding

Question 32

motivation for self harm

Answer 32

alternative to suicide, to express displeasure with oneself, to feel control of a situation, to alleviate the tension of a negative mood, to incite an enjoyable mood

Question 33

behaviors that are intentional and cause psychological and or physical harm to the recipient

Answer 33

bulling behavior

Question 34

factors that contribute to being a bully

Answer 34

family hostility, low parental support, low teacher support, family physical discipline, atypical moral development, stress in other areas of life

Question 35

T/F: adults who teach nonviolent ways to handle stress and conflict can be a positive influence

Answer 35

T; adult interaction and support are important for the bully and the victim

Question 36

T/F: society encourages abstinence

Answer 36

T; fact is many adolescents are sexually active

Question 37

T/F: U.S. teen pregnancy and birth rates are among the highest in developed countries

Answer 37

T

Question 38

T/F: adolescence is a time of exploration and pushing limits -- can include sexual activity

Answer 38

T; adults need to not only discourage sexual activity, but explain why and what the physical and emotional consequences could be; teach about contraception and safe sex

Question 39

T/F: U.S. ranks at the top for STD rates

Answer 39

T; Douglas County, NE is one of the highest STD rates in the country; EDUCATION IS KEY

Question 40

T/F: risk taking is more common among adolescents than older adults

Answer 40

T; can include binge drinking, tobacco use, criminal behavior; the need for excitement, fun, novel and intense sensations, peer pressure, status, modeling adult behavior

Question 41

Risk factors for risk taking behavior

Answer 41

poor family communication, peer pressure, lack of family support; parental involvement and positive peer support can be factors in dealign with risk taking behavior

Question 42

T/F: adolescents respond more to rewards than punishment

Answer 42

T

Question 43

T/F: Having a strong ethnic identity contributes to high self-esteem among minority adolescents

Answer 43

T

Question 44

T/F: during early adolescents there is a heightened awareness of social status and how groups of people are viewed by others

Answer 44

T