Ch Reviews

Question 1

Do males or females generally enter puberty first?

Answer 1

females

Question 2

What can be some of the emotional issues around development of secondary sex characteristics?

Answer 2

If they’re looking different from their peers or hitting it late/earlier then others it could lead to pride or embarrassment about their bodies

Question 3

What are some of the both positive and negatives factors of early adolescent cognitive development?

Answer 3

positive: they gain logic and question things; negative: risk taking and poor rationale skills because frontal lobe isn’t fully developed

Question 4

What is probably the main social goal for early adolescent?

Answer 4

fitting in; acceptance

Question 5

Why do eating disorders become an issue in early adolescence?

Answer 5

body image issues and purging; peers talking bot dieting and weight loss can influence this

Question 6

What would be some arguments to support comprehensive sex education for early adolescents?

Answer 6

knowledge; safety; empowerment; healthy relationships/dating; emotional and physical consequences; preventive resources

Question 7

Why is late adolescence called the peak potential years?

Answer 7

strongest physically

Question 8

What are some aspects of late adolescence that can make it very stressful?

Answer 8

transition! potential long life decisions, new found freedom and independence; uncertainty

Question 9

What are the main health issues of late adolescents?

Answer 9

asthma, diabetes, ulcers, depression

Question 10

Are late adolescence brains fully developed? How is this manifested?

Answer 10

No; still developing frontal lobe; impulse and rational developing – shows by not always making the best decisions, do what they think is best for them; emotions guiding decision making and risk taking behavior

Question 11

Early adolescents are egotistical in their thought process. What about late adolescents?

Answer 11

Still so, but more able to see multiple truths and put themselves in others shoes; dual to realistic thinking

Question 12

Explain dualistic vs. realistic thinking

Answer 12

right/wrong, black/white thinking to seeing multiple truths/considerations of more than one answer

Question 13

What are issues for late adolescents regarding career development?

Answer 13

change their minds frequently

Question 14

What could be a counselor’s role in substance abuse prevention with late adolescents?

Answer 14

education, coping skills, follow up and continuous education, ongoing comprehensive educational prevention measures

Question 15

Issues around academic transition for late adolescents

Answer 15

better transition if they were academically pushed in high school with talking about college, EP classes, shadowing, social transition

Question 16

What are some of the positive and negatives about living at home in late adolescents?

Answer 16

Positive: economically smart– saving money; Negative: social stigma and argument over rules if relationship doesn’t evolve

Question 17

What five key features characterize emerging adulthood?

Answer 17

1. identity exploration (love and work)
2. instability (transitioning)
3. self focused (no major obligations to others yet)
4. feeling in-between (not a child, but not an adult)
5. age of possibilities (can do anything set your mind to)

Question 18

What makes early adulthood “peak” years?

Answer 18

physically strongest and healthy; both cognitively and physically

Question 19

What about brain development in early adulthood? How does brain development differ between individuals at this stage?

Answer 19

everything is fully developed at this stage; brain development slows because it’s fully formed and such; but different levels of attainment

Question 20

Why does obesity often become an issue in early adulthood?

Answer 20

busy doing other things and working… less time spent moving around or exercising

Question 21

What is post-formal thinking (Piaget)?

Answer 21

Qualitative change in thinking/universal ethical standards of thinking/no more black and white thinking/draw on prior experiences (not everyone got here)

Question 22

What is post-formal stage for Kohlberg?

Answer 22

Can sometimes be triggered by life crisis; value dignity for all life; believe all individuals have rights/liberties that come before societal needs; no set consequences for set actions; reasons behind actions considered; freedom limited only when that freedom infringes upon someone else; (again not everyone got here)

Question 23

Explain how body image is more than just being fat or thin?

Answer 23

it’s how you feel about yourself and how you think others think you feel about yourself and how you think others view you; goes into this cycle of thinking that can be dangerous

Question 24

What are some of the substance abuse issues for early adults?

Answer 24

alcohol and marijuana use increases; consequences for health

Question 25

What are some of the issues around lifestyle for early adults?

Answer 25

``` staying single co habitation marriage family separation and divorce same-sex relationships ```

Question 26

Individuals in middle adulthood are in which of Erikson's stages?

Answer 26

Generativity vs. stagnation (giving back and giving advice to the next generation vs. withdrawing and being stuck)

Question 27

The primary crisis in middle adulthood?

Answer 27

balancing life, family and work

Question 28

What are some of the physical changes in middle adulthood?

Answer 28

appearance and inward changes: internal organ decline; menopause; testosterone decline; graying of the hair; wrinkles...

Question 29

What are some of the cognitive changes in middle adulthood?

Answer 29

decline in cognitive resources (numerical ability and perceptual speed); improvement in vocab, verbal memory, inductive reasoning

Question 30

What do anxieties in middle adulthood generally center around?

Answer 30

Balancing multiple roles and transitions (family, life, work)

Question 31

What are some aspects of midlife transition?

Answer 31

reflecting on what is in light of, what was hoped for and implications for what is next; fit lifestyle with emotional needs; reaching dreams

Question 32

What is different about midlife crisis?

Answer 32

triggers--traumatic stress cycle impulsive--buying irrational purchases, pursuing other romantic, burning down bridges drastically and not thinking rationally; or stuck depressed and not knowing what to do

Question 33

Two of the strongest predictors of good health in old old age?

Answer 33

social connections and how you took care of yourself throughout your life

Question 34

Define iatrogenic

Answer 34

side effects or consequences due to the activity of a physician or therapy

Question 35

what are the four factors that clients may be dealing with as they are facing death?

Answer 35

1. reluctance to talk about death 2. anxiety about death 3. guilt 4. loneliness and isolation of the dying person

Question 36

5 stages of grief by Kubler Ross

Answer 36

1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance