Ch 9: Late Adolescence

Question 1

Main things with late adolescence (19-25)

Answer 1

brain is still developing (prefrontal cortex) and executive functioning is still developing; they are starting to question more and think more logically

Question 2

Why is late adolescence called the peak potential years?

Answer 2

Best health during these years physically; reaction time and strength

Question 3

What can be the downside of the late adolescent years?

Answer 3

Cognitively they are making critical long term decisions

Question 4

Late adolescence is a phase of life full of ___

Answer 4

transition, decision making and uncertainty

Question 5

Expectations as a late adolescence

Answer 5

assume adult responsibilities; make choices that will have long-term consequences; legally and socially considered adults, they are still developing biologically and cognitively

Question 6

Physical activity is a predictor of making other healthy lifestyle choices. What are some of those?

Answer 6

Eating habits, substance use, sexual behavior, physical activity

Question 7

Young adults need a minimum of ___ hours of moderate exercise a week

Answer 7

2.5

Question 8

Most common health problems for late adolescents

Answer 8

asthma, diabetes, depression, hypertension, ulcers

Question 9

__ in __ sexually active people will acquire an STD

Answer 9

1 in 2

Question 10

Alcohol consumption among persons aged 12 to 20 contributes to the three leading causes of death among this age group in the U.S.; What are these?

Answer 10

Unintentional injury, homicide, suicide

Question 11

These parts of the brain continue to develop and mature during late adolescents

Answer 11

lateral prefrontal lobe, parietal cortices, anterior cingulate cortex

Question 12

Connections between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system (emotional control) begin to disappear. What effect would this have on mood and impulsivity?

Answer 12

Better impulse control because more control over emotions and not immediately reacting due to being emotional; more rational thinking

Question 13

T/F: late adolescents tend to not get enough sleep and that can affect decision making

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Cognitive development expands from egocentrism to being ____

Answer 14

able to see multiple perspectives

Question 15

T/F: Individuals start to understand the long-term implications of their decisions and also begin to see them as not so clear cut

Answer 15

T

Question 16

Perry’s Theory of Epistemic Cognition

Answer 16

Individuals move from dualistic thinking (right or wrong, black or white) to relativistic thinking (possibility of multiple truths)

Question 17

What is emotional competence?

Answer 17

managing emotions, impulse control

Question 18

What is social competence?

Answer 18

being socially competent with a group and others

Question 19

Which of Erikson’s stages of development are late adolescents in? What is the crisis?

Answer 19

Intimacy vs. isolation; developing deeper emotional connections/relationships

Question 20

What does success lead to during Erikson’s intimacy vs. isolation stage? What does failure lead to?

Answer 20

success: healthy relationships; failure: isolation or unhealthy relationships

Question 21

How does the earlier stage of identity vs. role confusion influence this stage?

Answer 21

If you don’t know yourself how will you be intimate on an emotional level with someone else

Question 22

What can be the difference in the impact of peers from early to late adolescence?

Answer 22

less peer person and having deeper connections

Question 23

What are the assumptions of social clock theory?

Answer 23

it is the typical order of events of life

Question 24

What about individuals who don’t fit into the assumptions of the social clock theory?

Answer 24

They may feel stressed out or anxious about not fulfilling what they were “suppose to do” or they may not care

Question 25

What is social clock theory?

Answer 25

the supposed typical order of events in life

Question 26

Emotional development of late adolescents deals with

Answer 26

independent decision-making, without the scaffolding from parents; making choices totally on their own

Question 27

Factors to consider during career development

Answer 27

natural/special talents or abilities; special environmental factors (SES, scholastic aptitude, marital-familial status)

Question 28

T/F: success in career development positively impacts emotional development and self-esteem

Answer 28

T

Question 29

T/F: In western society drinking is generally seen as a form of recreation and relaxation

Answer 29

T

Question 30

T/F: Individuals who begin drinking before age of 14 are a high risk for development of alcohol abuse issues

Answer 30

T; the brain is still developing and is affected by substance use

Question 31

T/F: substance use can have a negative effect on the still developing brain of a late adolescent

Answer 31

T; negative effects include: less gray matter in the areas related to behavioral inhibition, impulsivity, empathy, impaired executive functioning, higher risk of other addiction disorders

Question 32

T/F: use of nonmusical prescription drug use at colleges and universities is on the rise

Answer 32

T; usually affects white, male greek, lower GPA individuals

Question 33

When abusing drugs or alcohol individuals are more likely to engage in ____

Answer 33

risky behavior; DUI, promiscuity, unprotected sex, sexual assault, physical injury, death

Question 34

T/F: the rate of heavy drinking episodes increases from high school to college

Answer 34

T

Question 35

The act of consuming significant amounts of alcohol in a short span of time before even arriving at the main event

Answer 35

pregaming

Question 36

counselors role in preventative intervention

Answer 36

identify, prioritize, and work on problems and recovery issues; develop specific skills, coping with cravings; refusal skills; coping with negative effects; improving interpersonal behaviors

Question 37

T/F: having a high academic ethic and high achievement positively correlate with a smooth transition

Answer 37

T

Question 38

African American mothers tend to be ___ involved than Caucasian mothers

Answer 38

more

Question 39

African American females are ___ likely to be first generation

Answer 39

more

Question 40

T/F a positive predictor of academic success the first semester or two of college is a rigorous high school curriculum

Answer 40

T; if you went to a high school who pushed you academically you did better; or having honors, advance placement places, dual enrollment

Question 41

The stress of the transition to college can place individuals at risk for

Answer 41

mental illness or trigger a relapse

Question 42

research shows that the rate of mental illness and suicide is ___ for individuals who are pursuing higher education that those who are not

Answer 42

higher

Question 43

What are the three main categories of risky behaviors

Answer 43

(1) self-injurious (violence, suicide, underage drinking, DUI), (2) substance use (illicit drug use, abuse of prescriptions and OTC drugs), (3) risky sexual behavior (being sexually active at a young age, unprotected sex, multiple partners, sex while under the influence)

Question 44

contributing factors for risky behavior

Answer 44

individual (low self-esteem, negative peer influence, peer rejection, low educational aspirations); familial (high levels of inter-parental conflict, violence, poor communication, lack of support); extra-familial (low see, negative school climate, unsafe neighborhoods)

Question 45

Positive well-being in adolescence is associated with ____ psychological health and ____ risky behaviors in adulthood

Answer 45

positive; fewer

Question 46

T/F: impulsivity is associated with disordered eating

Answer 46

T

Question 47

____ therapy is the theoretical base most often used when treating adults with eating disorders

Answer 47

CBT

Question 48

___ therapy seems most effective for adolescents with eating disorders

Answer 48

family therapy

Question 49

outpatient care is ___ successful as inpatient care for those who did not require emergency services

Answer 49

AS successful; seems to be less occurrence of relapse with outpatient treatment

Question 50

T/F: risky behavior and poor lifestyle choices in late adolescence often carry on into adulthood and are a factor in leading a less healthy life long-term

Answer 50

T; social medial as a way to engage individuals to consider healthy lifestyle choices is shown to increase academic and social development

Question 51

The population of adolescents in the U.S. is becoming _____ racially/ethnically/culturally diverse

Answer 51

increasingly

Question 52

__% of adolescents ages 10-19 are Hispanic or members of non-White groups

Answer 52

37%; projected to increase in the decades ahead

Question 53

Culture diversity issues with late adolescents

Answer 53

period of exploring identity; and with minorities there can be more stress to find the balance between family traditions/cultures and their comfort level with acculturation