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Today's Medical Assistant > CH # 8: Muscular System > Flashcards

CH # 8: Muscular System Flashcards

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1
Q

A neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

An enzyme that inactivates acetylcholine

A

Acetylcholinesterase

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3
Q

A broad flat sheet of connective tissue that connects 1 muscle 2 another

A

Aponeurosis

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4
Q

The ability of tissue 2 return 2 its original shape after contraction or extension

A

Elasticity

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5
Q

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds a whole muscle

Provides a passage way 4 blood vessels and nerves

Supports and protects the contained muscle 2 w/stand the forces of contraction

A

Epimysium

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6
Q

2 names 4 the ability of muscle and nerve tissue 2 recieve and respond 2 stimuli

A

Excitability

Irritability

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7
Q

The ability of muscle tissue 2 stretched when pulled

A

Extensibility

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8
Q

The end of a muscle that is attached 2 a relatively moveable part

The end opposite the origin

A

Insertion

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9
Q

A single neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates

A

Motor unit

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10
Q

2 names 4 the area of communication between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber

A

Neuromuscular junction

Myoneural junction

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11
Q

A chemical substance that is released at the axon terminals 2 stimulate a muscle fiber contraction or an impulse in another neuron

A

Neurotransmitter

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12
Q

The end of a muscle that is attached 2 a relatively immovable part

The end opposite the insertion

A

Origin

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13
Q

2 names 4 the muscle that is mainly responsible 4 a particular body movement

A

Prime mover

Agonist

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14
Q

The membrane covering of a muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma

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15
Q

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

A

Sarcoplasm

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16
Q

Muscles that support a prime mover but r not capable of producing the movement by themselves

2 or more muscles work together 2 produce a movemet

A

Synergist

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17
Q

A type of muscle tissue

  • location: attached 2 bone
  • function: produces body movement
  • cell shape: cylindric
  • number of nuclei: many
  • striations: present
  • type of control: voluntary
A

Skeletal muscles

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18
Q

A type of muscle tissue

  • location: walls of internal organs and blood vessels
  • function: contraction of viscera and blood vessels
  • cell shape: spindle-shaped (tapered ends)
  • number of nuclei: 1
  • striations: absent
  • type of control: involuntary
A

Visceral muscle tissues

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19
Q

A type of muscle tissue

  • location: heart
  • function: pumps blood through heart and blood vessels
  • cell shape: cylindric and branching
  • number of nuclei: 1
  • striations: present
  • type of control: voluntary
A

Cardiac muscle tissues

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20
Q

Fulfills 4 important functions:

1) movement
2) posture
3) joint stability
4) heat production

A

Muscle contractions

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21
Q

Skeletal muscles r stimulated 2 contract by special nerve cells called?

A

Motor neurons

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22
Q

The name 4 the fluid-filled space between the axon terminal and the sarcolemma

A

Synaptic cleft (gap)

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23
Q

When a nerve impulse reaches an axon terminal , ACh is released. ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds w/the receptor sites on the sarcolemma. This causes the microfilaments 2 slide across 1 another resulting in contraction

A

Sliding filament theory of contraction

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24
Q

A unique high-energy compound that is stored in muscles which provides almost instantaneous regeneration of ATP

A

Creatine phosphate

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25
These become the primary source 4 muscles that r actively contracting 4 extended periods of time.
Fatty acids and glucose
26
This process causes fatty acids and glucose 2 b broken down in the mitochondria
Aerobic respirition
27
This process is when glucose is broken down 2 provide energy 2 muscles that r vigorously contracting 4 long periods of time. This happens because the circulatory system isn't able 2 deliver enough oxygen 2 muscles
Anaerobic respiration
28
Muscle name meaning huge
Vastus
29
Consists of 2 muscles on both sides of the neck Origin is on the sternum and clavicle-Insertation is on the mastoid process When these muscles contract together, the neck is flexed and the head is bent towards the chest When 1 muscle contracts, the head turns toward the direction opposite the side that is contracting Ex.Left contracts=head turns right Right contracts=head turns left
Sternocleidomastoid
30
Means 2 bend Bringing 2 bone together which decreases the angle between them Ex. Bending the elbow or the knee
Flexion
31
Means 2 straighten It increases the angle between 2 bones Ex.straightening the elbow or the knee after it has been flexed
Extension
32
Means 2 take away 2 move a bone or limb away from the midline or axis of the body Ex. -Outward movement of the legs during jumping jacks - Moving the arms away from the body - Spreading the fingers apart
Abduction
33
Means 2 bring together 2 move a bone or limb toward the midline of the body Ex. -bringing the arms back 2 the sides of the body -moving the legs back 2 the anatomical position
Adduction
34
A muscle used 4 facial expression A sphincter that lies around the eye Movement causes winking, blinking and squinting
Orbicularis oculi
35
A muscle of mastication It is located along the ramus of the mandible and is a synergist of the temporalis
Masseter
36
Muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement Ex. The muscles responsible 4 flexing and straightening the arm at the elbow r described as being this 2 one anotherq
Antagonist muscles
37
A muscle that is the primary extender of the forearm and the only muscle in the posterior compartment
Triceps brachii
38
A muscle that is the primary extender of the forearm and located in the anterior muscle compartment
Biceps brachii
39
Includes 4 muscles on the anterior and lateral side of the thigh. As a group, they r the primary extensors of the leg, straightening at the knee. Includes 4 muscles: - vastus lateralis - vastus intermedius - vastus medialis - rectus femoris
Quadriceps femoris
40
The primary function of muscle fibers
Contraction
41
2 names for a muscle that is the plantor flexors of the foot Sometimes they r referred 2 as toe dancer's muscles because they allow 1 to stand on tiptoe They r connected 2 muscles in the lower leg
Calcaneal tendon Achilles tendon
42
A domed-shaped muscle that forms the partition between the thorax and the abdomen. It has 3 openings in it 2 allow structures 2 pass through. Responsible 4 the major movement in the thoracic cavity during quiet, relaxed breathing. It contracts 2 flatten triggering inspiration then relaxes triggering exspiration
Diaphragm
43
A chemical that stores chemical energy w/in the cell and sends this energy 2 the muscles 4 contraction It is depleted in about 6 seconds and must b regenerated 4 continued contraction of the muscles. Creatine phosphate provides almost instantious regeneration of it 4 about 10 seconds. When the creatine stores become depleted, the body metabolizes glucose and fatty acids 2 produce more 4 sustained contractions
Adenosine triphosphate | ATP
44
They contract 2 elevate the ribs during inspiration
External intercostal muscles
45
A major muscle in the anterior compartment of the lower leg It is connected 2 the calcaneal tendon
Gastrocnemius
46
Regarded as a contractile unit of a myofibril that contains the smallest functional structures and molecules essential 4 muscle contraction
Sacromere
47
2 important proteins that form thin and thick filaments that r arranged in a way that they r partly overlapping and may slide past each other during contraction
Actin (thin) Myocin (thick)
48
A muscle that is made up of long fibers, alternating light and dark bands. This appearance is due 2 a number of sarcomeres; overlapping thick(myosin) and thin(actin) filaments
Striated muscles
49
There r 3 types of muscle tissue but only 1 type is under voluntary control, namely?
Skeletal muscle
50
What type of muscle is found in the organs of the GI tract?
Smooth muscle
51
In what organ is cardiac muscle found?
Heart
52
What type of muscle is found in the arteries of the cardiovascular system?
Smooth muscle
53
Skeletal muscles make up ______ % of body wieght
40 %
54
What body system is coordinated w/the muscular system?
Skeletal sytem
55
The muscle's ability 2 receive and respond 2 a stimulus from the nervous system is?
Excitability
56
The muscle's ability 2 shorten and contract 2 produce movement is?
Contractility
57
The muscle's ability 2 b stretched or extended is?
Extensibility
58
The muscle's ability 2 recoil or return 2 the original shape and length after contraction or extension is?
Elasticity
59
1 way 2 describe the excitability is 2 say the cells or tissues r?
On alert
60
Muscle contraction fulfills 4 functions in the body; movement, posture, joint stability and?
Heat production
61
______ % of the heat produced in the bosy is a result of muscle contraction.
85 %
62
The connective sheath that surrounds a muscle is called?
Epimysium
63
The connective outside the epimysium is the?
Fascia
64
The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds a fasciculus is the?
Perimysium
65
Each individual muscle cell is called a?
Muscle fiber
66
The connective that surrounds an individual muscle fiber (cell) is the?
Endomysium
67
The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber/cell is called?
Sacroplasm
68
__________ is necessary 2 transmit the nerve impulses 2 tell muscle fibers 2 contract.
Calcium
69
Y do skeletal muscle cells have numerous mitochondria?
4 energy production
70
B4 a skeletal muscle can contract, it must receive a impulse from a?
Nerve cell
71
ATPis the chemical that produces energy w/in the muscle cell mitochondria. Energy production requires a constant supply of?
Nutrients and oxygen
72
Fibers of the epimysium 2 fuse directly w/the periosteum of a bone. This is called?
Direct attachment
73
Epimysium, perimysium and the endomysium have what type of skeletal muscle attachment?
Indirect attachment
74
"Vastus" translates 2?
Huge
75
"Maximus translates 2?
Large
76
"Longus" translates 2?
Long
77
"Minimus" translates 2?
Small
78
"Brevis" translates 2?
Short
79
In reference 2 shape, deltoid means?
Tirangular
80
In reference 2 shape, latissimus means?
Wide
81
In reference 2 shape, teres means?
Round
82
"Ceps" in a muscle name comes from the latin caput, meaning?
Head
83
What does quadriceps mean
4 heads
84
In reference 2 location, pectoralis means?
Chest
85
In reference 2 location, gluteus means?
Buttock
86
In reference 2 location, brachii means?
Arm
87
Which muscle has a origin on the sternum and clavicle and insertion on the mastoid process?
Sternocleidomastoid
88
Masseter is 2?
Chew
89
Which muscle raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the 4head?
Frontalis
90
Which muscle is used 2 close the mouth, form words and pucker the lips?
Orbicularis oris
91
Which muscle is used 2 compress the check when whistling, sucking and blowing air out is?
Buccinator
92
Which muscle extends the vertical column 2 maintain erect posture?
Erector spinae
93
4 the breathing process the external intercostal muscles r used 4?
Inspiration
94
The ___________ is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen.
Diaphragm
95
The __________ ___________ muscles r the most superficial lateral abdominal wall muscles
External oblique
96
What forms the floor of the pelvic cavity?
Pelvic diaphragm
97
Which muscle adducts, elevates and rotates the scapula as in shrugging the shoulders?
Trapezius
98
Which muscle adducts and rotates the arm medially and lowers the shoulder?
Latissimus dorsi

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