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Forensic science > ch 8 - Sheet1 > Flashcards

ch 8 - Sheet1 Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q
  1. What is adhesion
A

the attraction between molecules of unlike substances

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2
Q
  1. What is agglutination
A

clumping of cells caused by an antigen antibody response

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3
Q
  1. What is angle of impact
A

angle at which blood strikes a target surface relative to the horizontal plane of the target surface

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4
Q
  1. What is antibodies
A

proteins secreted by white blood cells that attach to specific antigens

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5
Q
  1. What is area of convergence
A

2D view of the intersection of lines formed by drawing a line through the main axis at least two drops of blood that indicates the general area of the source of the blood spatter

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6
Q
  1. What is area of origin
A

the location of blood source viewed in 3 D as determined by projecting angles of impact of individual bloodstains

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7
Q
  1. What is cast off pattern
A

blood projected onto a surface as a result of being flung an object in motion

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8
Q
  1. What is cohesion
A

the attraction between molecules of like substances

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9
Q
  1. What is passive drop
A

blood drop created solely as a result of gravity

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10
Q
  1. What is satellite
A

smaller droplets of blood projected from larger drops of blood upon impact with a surface

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11
Q
  1. What is spine
A

elongated blood streaks radiating away from the center of a bloodstain

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12
Q
  1. What is swipe
A

blood pattern resulting from a lateral transfer from a moving source onto another surface

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13
Q
  1. What is wipe
A

smeared blood pattern created when an object moves through blood that is not completely dried

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14
Q
  1. What is blood splatter used to determine
A

directions of blood travels, relative force and angle of impact, and area of origin

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15
Q
  1. What does size of blood droplets indicate
A

provide evidence as to type of weapon used to inflict injury

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16
Q
  1. Who wrote the first blood spatter analysis book
A

Eduard Piotrowski

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17
Q
  1. What type of evidence is blood
A

class evidence because it narrows down to blood types

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18
Q
  1. What three components does blood consist of
A

red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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19
Q
  1. What does plasma carry
Study These Flashcards
A

antibodies, hormones, clotting factors, nutrients, amino acids, salts, and minerals

20
Q
  1. What is main function of red blood cells
Study These Flashcards
A

carry respiratory gases from all parts of body

21
Q
  1. What is responsible for color in red blood cells
22
Q
  1. What are antigens
Study These Flashcards
A

foreign elements

23
Q
  1. What do white blood cells secrete and what to do they do
Study These Flashcards
A

antibodies that aid in the immune response by labeling foreign materials to destroy

24
Q
  1. Who found that blood from another person does not mix freely with another
Study These Flashcards
A

Karl landsteiner found agglutination

25
25. What are percentages of the four blood types in US pop
Type O- 43%. Type A- 42%. Type B- 12%. Type AB- 3%.
26
26. Who discovered Rh factor on blood types
alexander weiner
27
27. What does Rh determine
Blood that has the Rh factor is designated Rh+ (positive), while blood that does not have this factor is designated Rh- (negative)
28
28. What is the antigen antibody response
when a foreign element is recognized by the immune system, the immune system responds
29
29. How does blood demonstrate cohesion
when the blood is dripping they stay together attracted to each other so they tend to stick to each other as it falls which results in a perfectly dome shaped
30
30. What is difference between spines and satellites
satellites are not connected to the blood cohesion while spines are linked in long extensions of lines
31
31. What determines the directionality of the blood
is easily determined by the pointed or elongated end of the blood indicates travel
32
32. What happens when blood is dropped other than a 90 degree
they form elliptical or elongated lines and change shape than a plain circular shape
33
33. What does high velocity blood spatter indicate
less than 1mm in size and could be gunshot wounds
34
34. What does medium velocity blood spatter indicate
1-4 mm size, beating or stabbing
35
35. What does low velocity blood spatter indicate
more than 4mm size, blunt object impact or dripping blood
36
36. What does a trail of circular drops of blood indicate
person walking while bleeding
37
37. What does a cast off pattern of blood indicate
person repeatedly striking someone with a weapon, throwing blows at them
38
38. What does a transfer pattern of blood indicate
person steps in blood or presses hand onto bloody surface and transfers blood
39
39. What does a wipe of blood indicate
trying to remove blood from a surface with a cloth
40
40. What does a swipe of blood indicate
bloody hair dragged across the floor
41
41. What does a arterial gush of blood indicate
severed artery due to injury or attack
42
42. What does a expired of blood indicate
injury causing internal bleeding trying to expel blood
43
43. What does a shadowing or void of blood indicate
object was in front of the wall during injury but object had been moved
44
44. To detect blood that has been cleaned what should you do
investigators use luminol or blue star and then view under UV light
45
45. What characteristics are used in crime scene reconstruction
angles of impact, area of convergence, origin, transfer patterns, swipes, wipes, cast off patterns
46
46. To conform human blood they put the blood in what
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Forensic science (6 decks)

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