Ch 8: Skeletal System Flashcards by Dee Pocha

Axial skeleton

Central supporting axis. includes the skull and spine

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Appendicular skeleton

Includes limbs pelvis shoulders and clavicle

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Eight bones of the cranium

-Parietal bones (2)
-Occipital bone
-Temporal bones (2)
-Frontal bone
-Ethmoid bone
-Sphenoid bone

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Structures of the temporal bones

-External auditory meatus
-Mastoid process
-Zygomatic arch
-Styloid process

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Hyoid bone

Located at the throat, it doesn’t connect to another bone

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Maxillae

Two bones that meet to form the upper jaw

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Zygomatic bones

Two bones that shaped the cheeks and formed the outer edge of the orbit

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Mandible

-The largest bone in the face
-Only facial bone that can move

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Auditory ossicles in order from outer to inner

-malleus (hammer)
-incus (anvil)
-stapes (stirrup)

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Sphenoid sinus

Located posterior and inferior to your eyes inside the sphenoid bone

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Frontal sinus

Located superior and anterior to your eyes right above your eyebrows

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Ethmoid sinus

Honeycomb structures in the ethmoid bone
-Posterior to the bridge of your nose

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Maxillary sinus

Located inferior to the eyes This is the largest set of sinuses

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Vertebral column: cervical

-top of spine (neck)
-7 bones

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Vertebral column: thoracic vertebrae

-Top of spine around shoulders
-12 Vertebrae

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Vertebral column: lumbar vertebrae

-Located at the bottom curve of your back
-Five vertebrae

Vertebral column: sacrum

Five fused vertebrae in your butt

Vertebral column: coccyx

-Located at the very end of the spine
-Four fused vertebrae

True ribs

Ribs one through seven. they attach directly to the sternum using coastal cartilage

False ribs

Ribs 7, 8, 9 and 10 all attached to the cartilage of rib seven

Floating ribs

Ribs 11 and 12. They do not attached to any part of the Anterior thoracic cage.

Bones of the sternum from top to bottom

-manubrium
-body
-xiphoid process

Notable parts of the scapula

-acromian process: Articulates with the clavicle
-coracoid process: A hook like attachment for arm muscles
-Glenoid cavity: The shallow socket that articulates with the head of the humerus

Parts of the humerus

-humeral head: Enlarged end
-olecranon fossa:Depression on the posterior side of the humerus

Characteristics of the ulna

-Longer than the radius -On the pinky side of the arm -Olecranon process where it joins the humerus

Characteristics of the radius

-Same side as the thumb -Proximal head: a distinctive disc that rotates on the humerus when the palm is turned forward and back -Radial tuberosity: Where the biceps muscle attaches to the bone

Styloid processes

Boney bumps at the end of the radius and ulna

Bones of the hand and wrist

-Carpals: bones of wrist -Metacarpals: bones of hand -Phalanges: bones of finger and thumb (proximal, middle, distal)

Three bones of the pelvic girdle

-Ilium (Large flaring section) -ischium (lower posterior portion) -pubis (most anterior portion)

Features of the pelvic girdle

-Iliac crest: Highest part. -acetabulum: hip socket -ischial tuberosity: support while sitting -symphysis pubis: Slightly moveable joint -Greater sciatic notch -Lesser sciatic notch

Features of the femur

-head -neck -Greater and lesser trocanters (top of shaft) -Medial and lateral epicondyle (knee side)

Fibula

-Smaller, lateral -Articulates with tibia. Distal end is a lateral malleolus

Tibia

-Larger -Bears weight -Medial

Bones of the ankle and foot

-Tarsals (Ankle) -Metatarsals (Bones of foot) -Phalanges (toes)

Two bony Projections at the top of the femur

-Greater trochanter -Lesser trochanter

The widest points of the femur at the knee

-Medial and lateral epicondyle

Largest point of the tibia at the knee

Tibial tuberosity

Boney knob that you can feel on your inner ankle

Medial malleolus

Lateral malleolus

The distal end of the fibula