Ch 9 & 10: Nervous System

Question 1

Midbrain

Answer 1

motor function

area that connects the pons and cerebellum with hemisphere of the cerebrum

Question 2

Pons

Answer 2

relays sensory and motor information has a role in breathing

tip to remember: pons rhymes with yawn and yawning has to do with breathing

Question 3

Medulla oblongata

Answer 3

regulates vital functions of the heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and reflux center for coughing, sneezing, swallowing and vomiting

tip to remember: obLONGata aka making your life longer so actions to make your life longer

Question 4

Dendrites

Answer 4

multiple branches at the end of a neuron that receives info 
from 
- the environment
and
- from other cells

Question 5

Body

Answer 5

• generates signals
  and
• sends signals to other cells

tip to remember: bodys always send signals

Question 6

Axon terminals

Answer 6

part of neuron that
- receives electrical impulse
and
- releases neurotransmitters into the synapse

Question 7

Neurotransmitter

Answer 7

chemical message that  
travels across the synapse between a 
- neuron and another neuron muscle fiber
and
- neuron and a gland

Question 8

Direction of impulse

Answer 8

direction impulse flows through neurons

Question 9

“All or None”

Answer 9

neurons fire fully or don’t fire at all

Question 10

function of myelin?

Answer 10

increase speed of action potentials down axons`

Question 11

What makes up peripheral nervous system?

Answer 11

nerves outside brain and spinal cord

Question 12

What is somatic system made up of?

Answer 12

Voluntary (skeletal) muscles

Question 13

What is autonomic system made up of?

Answer 13

Smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

Question 14

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 14

alert system

Question 15

What is the parasympathetic system?

Answer 15

homeostasis and daily maintenance

Question 16

What makes up central nervous system?

Answer 16

brain and spinal cord

Question 17

What is myelin produced from?

Answer 17

produced by

• Oligodendrocytes in the CNS
• Schwann cells in the PNS

Question 18

What are gaps in myelin called?

Answer 18

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 19

Speed of impulse

Answer 19

The speed of a nerve impulse varies with the type of nerve impulse the nervous system is sending

Question 20

What does diameter of axon have to do with speed of impulse?

Answer 20

the WIDER the diameter of an axon the more FAST the speed of flowing ions

Question 21

What does being myelinated have to do with speed of impulse

Answer 21

• small unmyelinated axon go slow

- large myelinated axons go fast

Question 22

Motor neuron

Answer 22

“move something”

sends info from BRAIN to SPINAL CORD

Question 23

Sensory neuron

Answer 23

“sense something”

sends info from BODY to BRAIN

Question 24

interneurons

Answer 24

neurons which carry info between motor and sensory

Question 25

What is largest division of brain?

Answer 25

cerebrum

Question 26

What are the grooves called of the cerebrum?

Answer 26

sulci

Question 27

What are the ridges called of the cerebrum?

Answer 27

gyri

Question 28

Right side of brain controls _____ side of the body

Answer 28

left | *ALWAYS OPPOSITE*

Question 29

What kind of matter is surrounded by gray matter?

Answer 29

white

Question 30

What does white matter contain?

Answer 30

myelinated axons

Question 31

What does gray matter contain?

Answer 31

cells bodies dendrites axon terminals synapses

Question 32

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 32

"little brain" responsible for - sensory - motor coordination - balance

Question 33

What is the brain stem?

Answer 33

stalk like structure INFERIOR and PARTIALLY BY cerebrum

Question 34

What is the medulla oblongata?

Answer 34

``` continuous w spinal cord responsible for - heart beat - respiration - blood vessel diameter ```

Question 35

What is the pons?

Answer 35

superior to medulla oblongata | - plays a role in respiration

Question 36

Where do cranial nerves emerge from?

Answer 36

directly from the brain

Question 37

How many pairs of cranial nerves do you have?

Answer 37

12

Question 38

What are the cranial nerves for eye movement called?

Answer 38

oculomotor

Question 39

What are the cranial nerves for vision called?

Answer 39

optic

Question 40

What are the cranial nerves for hearing called?

Answer 40

vestibulocochlear

Question 41

How many segments of spinal cord are there?

Answer 41

31

Question 42

What are reflexes for?

Answer 42

keeping you from harm

Question 43

Where are reflexes involved?

Answer 43

spinal cord only

Question 44

What is the meninges?

Answer 44

covers brain and spinal cord

Question 45

What is the outer most part of the meninges called?

Answer 45

dura mater | thick fibrous tissue

Question 46

What is the middle part of the meninges called?

Answer 46

``` arachnoid mater (wispy, delicate, spider webs) ```

Question 47

What is the inner most part of the meninges called?

Answer 47

pia mater | contains blood vessels

Question 48

Where is the epidural and what is it made of?

Answer 48

- between dura mater and vertebral column | - filled w fat and blood vessels

Question 49

Where is the subdural?

Answer 49

- between arachnoid and dura mater

Question 50

What is the brain and spinal cord bathed in?

Answer 50

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 51

What are the 3 functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 51

1 - protects brain and spinal cord from shock 2 - supplies nutrients to nervous system tissue 3 - removes waste products from cerebral metabolism ---> basically protect, supply and remove