Ch. 9 Cell Division

Question 1

Importance of cell division

Answer 1

1. Maintenance of tissue
2. Repair of tissue
3. Fighting infection
4. Cell growth

Question 2

A single dividing cells forms

Answer 2

Two identical daughter forms

Question 3

Single-celled organisms split themselves in two, to give rise to the next-generation, a process known as

Answer 3

Asexual reproduction

Question 4

Single celled organisms

Answer 4

Prokaryotes

Question 5

Prokaryotes, which are single celled organisms, undergo asexual reproduction through a relatively simple process called

Answer 5

Binary fission

Question 6

Splitting into two

Answer 6

Binary fission

Question 7

Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that, in animals and many other eukaryotes, serves the function of

Answer 7

Sexual reproduction

Question 8

The process through which a daughter cell becomes different from the parent cell is known as

Answer 8

Cell differentiation

Question 9

_____ retain the capacity to divide indefinitely without becoming committed to specialized functions

Answer 9

Stem cells

Question 10

refers to the series of events that make up the life cycle of a eukaryotic cell that is capable of dividing

Answer 10

Cell cycle

Question 11

Is the longest stage of the cell cycle in that most cells spend 90% or more of their lifespan in this state

Answer 11

Interphase

Question 12

Is the last stage in the life of an individual cell

Answer 12

Cell division

Question 13

Mitotic cell division takes place in two main steps, the genetic material is separated and systematically distributed to opposite sides of the cell during the first step, known as

Answer 13

Mitosis

Question 14

The Cytoplasm is split to create two separate daughter cells during the second step of mitotic cell division, known as

Answer 14

Cytokinesis

Question 15

Sperm or egg cells, which are collectively known as

Answer 15

Gametes

Question 16

A special type of cell division, called meiosis, occurs in reproductive structures to make

Answer 16

Sperm or egg cells

Question 17

The duplication of DNA, requiring the manufacturer, or synthesis, of new DNA, occurs in the

Answer 17

S phase

Question 18

_____ is the first phase in the life of a newborn cell

Answer 18

The G1 phase

Question 19

____ begins after S phase and before the start of division

Answer 19

The G2 phase

Question 20

The G in G1 and G2 stands for

Answer 20

Gap

Question 21

The decision to divide the cell is made during the

Answer 21

G1 phase of the cell cycle

Question 22

Many cells in the human body exit the cell cycle and remain in a resting stage for sometime

Answer 22

G0 phase

Question 23

The cell has grown and is ready to replicate its DNA

Answer 23

G1 phase

Question 24

DNA replication happens here

Answer 24

S phase

Question 25

Checks are made to ensure conditions are suitable for cell division

Answer 25

G2 phase

Question 26

The replicated DNA is separated with precision

Answer 26

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Question 27

The cell prepares itself for division by increasing in size and producing proteins needed for division during ____ and ____ phases, and by replicating its DNA during ____

Answer 27

G1 and G2 phases, S phase

Question 28

The process by which the duplicated DNA of a dividing cell is sorted equally between two daughter cells

Answer 28

DNA segregation

Question 29

Threadlike structures, each composed of a single DNA molecule packaged with proteins. Chromosomes achieve the highest levels of compaction when prophase begins during mitosis or meiosis

Answer 29

Chromosome

Question 30

G1, S, G2

Answer 30

Interface

Question 31

Each DNA double helix winds around special DNA packaging proteins to create a DNA-protein complex known as

Answer 31

Chromatin

Question 32

Are all those cells in a multicellular organism that are not gametes, eggs or sperm, or part of gamete-making tissues

Answer 32

Somatic cells

Question 33

Each matched pair of the same type of chromosome is called a

Answer 33

Homologous

Question 34

The X and Y chromosomes are called the

Answer 34

Sex chromosomes

Question 35

Chromatids, held together especially firmly at a constriction point called the

Answer 35

Centromere

Question 36

The first stage of mitosis called

Answer 36

Prophase

Question 37

Paternal

Answer 37

Dad

Question 38

Maternal

Answer 38

Mom

Question 39

Occurs in somatic cell, results in 2 diploid cells, (2n) ex: humans have 46 chromosomes, 1 round of division

Answer 39

Mitosis

Question 40

Occurs in gametes, gamete producing cells, results 4 haploid cells, ex: humans have 23 chromosomes (n) 2 rounds of division

Answer 40

Meiosis

Question 41

Mitosis has many stages

Answer 41

Early prophase, late Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 42

A cytoskeletal structure in the cytosol that helps organize the mitotic spindle and define the two poles of a dividing cell wall.

Answer 42

Centrosome

Question 43

Microtubules are long cylinders of special proteins, and during prophase some microtubules assemble themselves into an elaborate apparatus, called the

Answer 43

Mitotic spindle

Question 44

Each centromere has two plaques of protein, called

Answer 44

Kinetochores

Question 45

The chromosomes are lined up in a single plane that, in most types of cell division, is equally distance from the two spindle polls

Answer 45

Metaphase

Question 46

Begins when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at a spindle pole

Answer 46

Telophase

Question 47

A polysaccharide support layer that lies outside the plasma membrane of the cells of many prokaryotes, fungi, and protists and all plants

Answer 47

Cell wall

Question 48

Two chromatids in each pair of sister chromatids break free from each other and are dragged to opposite sides of the parent cell, achieving the equal and orderly segregation of the duplicate genetic information present in the parent cell

Answer 48

Anaphase

Question 49

A partition, consisting of the membrane and cell wall components, that appears during cytokinesis in dividing plant cells. The cell plate matures into a polysaccharide-based cell wall flanked on either side by the plasma membranes of the two daughter cells

Answer 49

Cell plate

Question 50

Longest stage of the cell cycle. Includes G1, S, and G2 cycles. Cell grows and prepares for cell division.

Answer 50

Interphase

Question 51

Early prophase

Answer 51

Chromosomes condense

Question 52

Nuclear envelope breaks down, myotic spindle assembles

Answer 52

Late prophase

Question 53

Microtubules line up the chromosomes at the cells equator

Answer 53

Metaphase

Question 54

Cell plate forms

Answer 54

Telophase

Question 55

Gametes are produced by

Answer 55

Meiosis

Question 56

Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of two gametes in a process known as

Answer 56

Fertilization

Question 57

The successful union of an egg and sperm creates a single cell called a

Answer 57

Zygote

Question 58

2n

Answer 58

46 chromosomes

Question 59

n

Answer 59

23 chromosomes

Question 60

Haploid

Answer 60

Half

Question 61

Prophase = mitosis =

Answer 61

Sisters get pulled apart

Question 62

Prophase 1 = meiosis 1 =

Answer 62

Bivalents get pulled apart

Question 63

No change in the amount of the DNA

Answer 63

Equational division

Question 64

Recombined chromosomes

Answer 64

Crossing over has occurred

Question 65

A display of the specific number and shapes of chromosomes found in the diploid cells of a particular individual, or of a species in general

Answer 65

Karyotype

Question 66

Diploid

Answer 66

Double

Question 67

totipotent

Answer 67

Capable of giving rise to any human cell type

Question 68

pluripotent

Answer 68

all tissues except embryonic membrane

Question 69

process by which cells become specialized

Answer 69

Differentiate

Question 70

The fusion of egg and sperm during fertilization produces a diploid zygote that starts the dividing through mitosis to make a ball of cells known as

Answer 70

Morula

Question 71

5 days after fertilization, the morula is transformed into a hollow ball of cells known as a

Answer 71

blastocyst

Question 72

multipotent

Answer 72

self renewal

Question 73

Uncontrolled cell reproduction

Answer 73

Cancer

Question 74

Tells cell to divide

Answer 74

Positive growth regulators

Question 75

Tells cell to die

Answer 75

Negative growth regulators

Question 76

Epidermal growth factor pushes cell from G1 to S phase

Answer 76

EGF

Question 77

Multi nuclei, Ruffed plasma membrane, grows in layers, cytoplasmic extensions

Answer 77

Cancer cells

Question 78

Starts with one uncontrolled cell

Answer 78

Cancer

Question 79

Benign tumor

Answer 79

Confined to one location

Question 80

Metastatic cells

Answer 80

Goes into bloodstream and spreads throughout body

Question 81

Cervical cancer

Answer 81

HeLa cells

Question 82

Henrietta Lacks

Answer 82

1951

Question 83

Change in DNA code

Answer 83

Mutations

Question 84

Proto-oncogene, Code for positive growth regulators, Action results in cell proliferation

Answer 84

Oncogene, Uncontrolled cell proliferation

Question 85

Helps regulate Cell growth

Answer 85

Tumor suppressor

Question 86

RB gene product is

Answer 86

RB protein

Question 87

Guardian angel of the cell

Answer 87

P 53

Question 88

Most of all cancers have lost

Answer 88

P 53

Question 89

It stops cell division if the time is not right, DNA is damaged,

Answer 89

P 53

Question 90

Programmed cell death

Answer 90

Apoptosis