Ch. 9 - Cell Interactions

Question 1

the process by which cells can detect, interpret, & respond to signals in their environment

Answer 1

Cell Communication

Question 2

being able to respond to change at the cellular level

Answer 2

Cellular Response

Question 3

enable cells to pass ions, signaling, molecules & other materials between the cytosol of one cell and the cytosol of the other

Answer 3

Direct Intercellular Signaling

Question 4

molecules that are bound to the surface of a cell & provide a signal to other cells that make contact with the surface of the cell

Answer 4

Contact-Dependent Signaling

Question 5

cell secretes signaling molecules that bind to receptors on its own cell surface & on the surfaces of neighboring cells of the same cell type; senses cell density

Answer 5

Autocrine Signaling

Question 6

specific cell secretes a signaling molecule that does not affect that cell but instead influences the behavior of target cells in close proximity; short duration

Answer 6

Paracrine Signaling

Question 7

excrete hormones into the bloodstream; long distances

Answer 7

Endocrine Signaling

Question 8

molecules involved in long-distance signaling

Answer 8

Hormones

Question 9

receptors found in the plasma membrane

Answer 9

Cell Surface Receptors

Question 10

enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a specific amino acid in a protein

Answer 10

Protein Kinases

Question 11

seven transmembrane segments that wind back and forth through the plasma membrane; interact with G-proteins; bind GTP and GDP

Answer 11

G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

Question 12

ion channels are proteins that allow the diffusion of ions across cell membranes; important in the transmission of signals between neurons & muscle cells & between two neurons

Answer 12

Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

Question 13

extracellular signaling molecule must diffuse through the plasma membrane to gain access to its receptors; turns on the transcription of specific genes

Answer 13

Intracellular Receptor

Question 14

category of enzyme-linked receptors that are found in all animals & also in choanoflagellates

Answer 14

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Question 15

signaling molecule that promotes cell division

Answer 15

Growth Factor

Question 16

phosphorylated form of the EGF receptor is first recognized by arelay protein of the signal transduction pathway called Grb; changes conformation of Grb & binds to another protein

Answer 16

Relay Proteins

Question 17

the phenomenon in which one or more components of one signal transduction pathway affects a different signal transduction pathway

Answer 17

Crosstalk

Question 18

programmed cell death

Answer 18

Apoptosis

Question 19

activation of death receptors on the cell surface

Answer 19

Extrinsic Pathway

Question 20

complex between the death receptors, adaptors, and initiator procaspase

Answer 20

Death-Inducing Signaling Complex

Question 21

an active one functions as a protease

Answer 21

Caspase

Question 22

an enzyme that digests other proteins

Answer 22

Protease

Question 23

activated by initiator caspase & responsible for digesting intracellular proteins and causing them to die

Answer 23

Executioner Caspase

Question 24

stimulated by DNA change that could cause cancer

Answer 24

Intrinsic Pathway

Question 25

The interactions that do not involve direct contact between cells

Answer 25

Indirect Intercellular Attachments

Question 26

The junctions between two cells in the epithelial membrane

Answer 26

Tight Junctions

Question 27

A structure by which two adjacent cells are attached, formed from protein plaques in the cell membranes linked by filaments

Answer 27

Desmosomes

Question 28

Multiprotein complexes that create the stable adhesion of basal epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane

Answer 28

Hemidesmosomes

Question 29

Aggregates of intercellular channels that permit direct cell-cell transfer of ions and small molecules

Answer 29

Gap Junctions

Question 30

A narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them

Answer 30

Plasmodesmata