Ch 9. Gardner and Winner

Question 1

Gardner’s Eight Frames of Mind

Answer 1

A theory that we all have, contained within us somewhere, intelligence for a span of things, just that some are stronger than others.

Question 2

Verbal (Gardner)

Answer 2

The ability to think in words and use language to express meaning. Occupations: authors, journalists, speakers.

Question 3

Mathematical (Gardner)

Answer 3

The ability to carry out mathematical operations. Occupations: scientists, engineers, accountants.

Question 4

Spatial (Gardner)

Answer 4

The ability to think three-dimensionally. Occupations: architects, artists, sailors.

Question 5

Body-Kinesthetic (Gardner)

Answer 5

The ability to manipulate objects and be physically adept. Occupations: surgeons, craftspeople, dancers, athletes.

Question 6

Musical (Gardner)

Answer 6

A sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone. Occupations: composers and musicians.

Question 7

Interpersonal (Gardner)

Answer 7

The ability to understand and interact effectively with others. Occupations: successful teachers, mental health professionals.

Question 8

Intrapersonal (Gardner)

Answer 8

The ability to understand oneself. Occupations: theologians, psychologists.

Question 9

Naturalist (Gardner)

Answer 9

The ability to observe patterns in nature and understand natural and human-made systems. Occupations: farmers, botanists, ecologists, landscapers.

Question 10

Culture-Fair Tests

Answer 10

Tests of intelligence that are designed to be free of cultural bias.

Question 11

Intellectual Disability

Answer 11

A condition of limited mental ability in which the individual

(1) has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test,
(2) has difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life, and
(3) first exhibits these characteristics by age 18.

Question 12

Organic Intellectual Disability

Answer 12

A genetic disorder or condition involving brain damage that is linked to a low level of intellectual functioning.

Question 13

Cultural-Familial Intellectual Disability

Answer 13

Condition in which there is no evidence of organic brain damage but the individual’s IQ generally is between 50 and 70.

Question 14

Gifted

Answer 14

Having above-average intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) and/or superior talent for something.

Question 15

Precocity (Winner)

Answer 15

Mastering an area earlier than their peers

Question 16

March to their own Drummer (Winner)

Answer 16

Gifted children learn in a qualitatively different way from ordinary children.

Question 17

Pasion to Master (Winner)

Answer 17

Displaying an intense, obsessive interest and an ability to focus.

Question 18

Metalinguistic Awareness

Answer 18

Refers to knowledge about language, such as understanding what a preposition is or being able to discuss the sounds of a language.

Question 19

Whole-Language Approach

Answer 19

An approach to reading instruction based on the idea that instruction should parallel children’s natural language learning. Reading materials should be whole and meaningful.

Question 20

Phonics Approach

Answer 20

The idea that reading instruction should teach the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds.