Ch 9 Intelligence and Its Measurement Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is intelligence?
- No uniform, widely accepted definition
- Acquire and apply knowledge
- Reason logically
- Plan effectively
- Grasp and visualize concepts
- Pay attention
- Being intuitive
Intelligence: Views of Scholars, Summary [placeholder]
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Interactionism
- Heredity & environment interact to influence intelligence (Binet, Wechsler)
Factor-analytic
Identify abilities (or groups of ) that constitute intelligence
- What is processed?
- Spearman, Cattell & Horn
Heredity
Francis Galton
- Heritability of intelligence
- Sensation and perception
- Best sensory abilities = most intelligent
–Sensory keenness
Interactionism (Alfred Binet)
- Intelligence includes:
- Reasoning
- Judgement
- Memory
- Abstraction
Interactionism (David Wechsler)
Stressed components
- Act purposefully
- Think rationally
- Deal effectively with environment
Assessment of non intellective factors
- Drive
- Persistence
Assessment focused on
- Verbal and performance tasks
Factor - Analytic Theory
Speaman’s Two Factor Theory
- General intellectual ability (g)
– Measured by all IQ tests
– Abstract reasoning
- Specific factors
– Measured by individual IQ tests
Factor Analystic Theories
Cattell & Horn
- Crystalized intelligence (Gc)
– Acquired skills and knowledge
– Cultural dependent
– Formal and informal education
Fluid intelligence (Gf)
- Nonverbal
- Culture-free
- Independent of instruction
Hierarchical Modeling
Combines both single and multi-factor theories
Measuring Intelligence [placeholder]
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Measurement of infants include
Alerting (eyes brighten and widen)
- Orienting (turning towards stimulus)
- Habituation (looking away; assumes familiarity)
Measurement of children and adults include
Verbal and nonverbal responses to similar constructs
- General information
- Vocabulary
- Visual memory
-Attention
Intelligence and Related Issues: Stability of Intelligence [placeholder]
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Stability of IQ (assuming the same test)
- Infancy to adulthood - low stability
- Toddler to adulthood - low stability
- Childhood to adulthood - moderate to high
Generally stable during adulthood
- Verbal intelligence most stable
- Delayed recall of newly acquired info least stable
- Common decline after age 75
Flynn Effect
Average intelligence gains year to year from time test was normed
- Explanations
- Better education
- Improved nutrition
Tests of intelligence [placeholder]
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Ratio IQ vs. Deviation IQ [placeholder]
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Ratio IQ
Ratio IQ (original Standford-Binet)
- Based on mental age (age of apparent functioning)
- MA means Mental Age
- CA means Chronological Age
- RIQ = (MA/CA x 100
- A child age of 3 (CA) can read
- On average age 6 (MA) is the reading age
- RIQ = (6/3) x 100 = 200
Deviation IQ (starting with 3rd edition)
- Individual’s performance with that of the same age within the standardization sample
- SD’s away from the mean
Ex: If mean = 100 and SD = 16, a score 2 SD’s above the mean = 132 (deviation IQ)
SB-5 (Current Edition; 2003
- Individually administered (ages 2 - 85+)
- FSIQ, VIQ & NVIQ Composites
- Mean = 100, SD = 15
- 10 subtests
– Mean = 10, SD = 3
SB-5 (Current Edition; 2003
- Excellent standardization and psychometrics
- Improvements over SB-IV
– More high-end items (ceiling)
– More low-end items (floor)
– Nonverbal subtest rely less on expressive language
SB- 5 Factors
- FSIQ
- Verbal IQ and nonverbal IQ
5 Factors each for verbal and nonverbal marching the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory
- Fluid Reasoning (Fluid Intelligence)
- Knowledge (Crystalized Knowledge)
- Quantitative Reasoning (Quantitative Knowledge)
- Visual-Spatial Processing (Visual Processing)
- Working Memory
