CH HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Causative agent of typhoid and it is transmitted via
A
Salmonella typhoid
Contaminated food and water
2
Q
Typhoid is also known as
A
Systemic or Enteric fever
3
Q
Typhoid fever can be confirmed by
A
Widal test
4
Q
Typhoid is what type of infection
A
Bacterial infection
5
Q
Symptoms of typhoid
A
Sustained high fever
Intestinal perforation- extreme case
Weakness
Stomach pain
Lose of appetite
6
Q
Pneumonia is caused by
A
Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Haemophilus Influenza
7
Q
Mode of transmission of pneumonia
A
Aerosols
8
Q
Symptoms of Pneumonia
A
Infection in the lower respiratory tract… fluid filled alveoli
9
Q
Causative agent of plague
A
Yersinia pestis
10
Q
Plague is also known as
A
Bubonic plague/ black death
11
Q
What kind of infection was plague
A
Bacterial infection
12
Q
Diseases that spread from animal to humans are called
A
Zoonotic diseases
13
Q
Plague was primarily a disease of
A
Rodent
14
Q
Vector of plague
A
Rat flea
15
Q
Symptoms of plague
A
High fever
Bubo(lump) in the armpit or groin region
Blood patch appeared on skin which then turns black
16
Q
causative agent of Cholera
A
Vibrio Cholera
17
Q
Cholera is which type of infection
A
Bacterial infection
18
Q
treatment for cholera
A
oral rehydration therapy as a lot of fluid and salts are released through stool and vomit
19
Q
Causative agent for Tuberculosis
A
Myobacterium Tuberculosis
20
Q
Vaccine for tuberculosis
A
BCG Vaccine
21
Q
mode of transmission for tuberculosis
A
air borne
22
Q
causative agent for Tetanus
A
Clostridium tetani
23
Q
Tetanus is also known as
A
Lock jaw
24
Q
which disease results in Sustained contraction
A
tetanus
25
Injection for tetanus
anti tetanus serum(ATS)
DPT Vaccine- Diptheria, Pestusis, tetanus
26
causative agent of diptheria
Corynebacterium diptheriae
27
causative agent of diptheria
Corynebacterium diptheriae
28
causative agent of leprosy
Myobacterium leprae
29
Causative agent of common cold
Mild ones - Rhino viruses
Severe - Corona viruses
30
Which is the most infectious disease in the world
Common cold
31
Causative agent of chicken pox
Varisella zoster virus
32
Causative agent of small pox
Variola virus
33
Which glands swells during mumps
Parotid gland
34
Which virus requires pre existing HBV virus to spread the disease
Hepatitis D Virus
35
Rabies is also known as
Hydrophobia
36
Vector of Dengue
Female aedes mosquitoes
37
Chickenguniya vector
Female aedes mosquito
38
Vaccine for poliomyelitis
OPV - Oral polio vaccine
39
The genetic material of Varisella zoster virus
ds DNA
40
Vaccine for Hepatitis B is
Recombivax
41
Which type of Hepatitis enters via Faeco oral route
HAV and HEV
42
Causative agent of Dengue fever
Arbovirus- Arthropoda borne viruses - flaviviruses genes
43
In chickenpox more scars are on —— then—-
More scars on the body less on face and limbs
44
In small pox more scars on —— less on ——
In small pox more scars on face and limbs less on body
45
Which Hepatitis is/are STD
HBV, HCV, HDV
46
Measels is which type of infection
Viral infection
47
Mumps is which type of infection
Viral
48
Which digestive tract infection affects large intestine
Amoebic dysentery
49
Causative agent of Amoebic dysentery
Entamoeba histoltyica
50
Mechanical vector of Amoebic dysentery
Housefly
51
Excess mucus and blood clot is a symptom of
Amoebic dysentry
52
Which type of infection is Ascariasis
Helminth infection
53
Extreme case of Ascariasis
Intestinal blockage
54
Causative agent of Elephantiasis
Filarial worm - Wucheria brancofti
- Wucheria malayi
55
Ringworm is which type of infection
Fungal infection
56
Causative agent of Ringworm
Microsporum, Epidermophyton, Trichophyton
57
Infective agent of Filariasis
Proboscis of Mosquito
58
Vector of Filariasis
Culex Mosquito
59
Symptoms of Elephantiasis
Majorly swelling in groin and lower limb
60
Elephantiasis is which type of infection
Helminth infection
61
Malarial infection is which type of infection
Protozoan infection
62
Vector of Malaria
Female anopheles mosquito
63
Causative agent of Malaria
4 species of plasmodium-
1. Plasmodium vivac
2. P. ovale
3. P. malariae
4. P. falciparum - fatal- malignant malariab
64
Primary host and secondary host of plasmodium that causes malaria is
Primary host - human
secondary host - mosquito
65
Where does sexual and asexual phase of plasmodium that causes malaria occurs
Sexual stage - mosquito
Asexual stage - human
66
—- enters the RBC and produce ——
Phanerozites enter the RBC and produce merozoites
67
Merozoites feed on —- to form —-
Merozoites feed on harmoglobin to form haemozoin
68
—- chemical is responsible for fever and chills in malaria
Harmozoin
69
Sporozoites are — shaped
Spindle shaped
70
the infectious agent that enters the body for malaria
Sporozoites
71
What are the types of immunity
1. Innate Immunity- it is present at the time of birth and has a non specific type of defence
2. Acquired immunity- it is gained after birth and it is pathogen specific
72
What are the types pf barrier in innate immunity
1. Physical barrier - skin
2. Physiological barrier - acid in stomach, saliva in mouth, tears from eyes
3. Cellular barrier- WBC like PMNL-neutrophils, Monocytes, natural killer cells
4. Cytokine barriers- interferons which is produced by virally infected cells to send signals to neighbouring non infected cells
73
1st line of defence
Physical and physiological barrier
74
2nd line of defence
Cellular and cytokine barrier
75
3rd line of defence
Acquired immunity
76
Which immunity is pathogen specific
Acquired immunity
77
Who is regarded as the father of immunology
Edward jenner
78
B lymphocyte provide which type of immunity
Humoral or antibody mediated immunity
79
T lymphocyte provide which type of immunity
Cell mediated immunity
80
Memory B and T cells are stored in
Spleen and lymph nodes
81
What are antigens
Antigens are molecules which when introduced into the body stimulate the production of antibody
82
Each antibody has — peptide chain linked by —-
4 peptide chain, 2 heavy and 2 light
They are linked by disulphide bonds
83
How many disulphide bonds are present in an antibody
16 disulphide bonds
84
Which end of antibody binds to antigens
Fab - Fragment of molecule that is antigen binding or paratopes
85
Which antibody is prominent during 1st encounter
Ig M
86
How many paratopes are present in IgM
10
87
Which is the largest antibody
IgM
88
The most abundantly present antibody is
IgG - 75% of the immunoglobin pool
89
How many paratopes are present in IgD
2 paratopes
90
Where is Ig D found
It is found in large quantity on the cell membrane
91
How many types of antibodies are present
5 types-
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
92
Which antibody is a mediator in allergic response
IgE
93
Which response against antigens is fast and high intensity
Secondary/ anamestic response
94
Antigens have determinants called
Epitopes
95
B lymphocytes evolve into plasma cells under the influence of
T cell released cytokines
96
What are the different types of T cells
1. Helper T cell
2. Cytotoxic/killer T cell
3. Suppressor T cells
4. Memory T cells
97
An example of Antigen presenting cell
Macrophages
98
Helper T cell stimulate
B cells to produce antibody and killer T cell to destroy the non self cells
99
What is the function of suppressor T cells
Suppresses the function of cytotoxic and Helper T cell so that the immune system doesn’t attack the body’s own cells
100
Perforins are secreted by
Cytotoxic T cells
101
What plays an important role in suppressing the immune system during transplantation
Histocompatibilty antigen and immunosuppressant
102
Which immune response is responsible for graft rejection
Cell mediated immune response
103
Which immunosuppressant drug prevents rejection of kidney, heart and liver transplant
Cyclosporin
104
—— is responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation
Major histocompatibility protein
105
What are the types of Acquired immunity
1. Active immunity
2. Passive immunity
106
Vaccination is which type of immunity
Vaccination is Artificial active acquired immunity
107
What is active immunity
Antibodies are produced in the hosts body
108
What is passive immunity
When preformed antibodies are directly given to a person
109
Colostrum secreted by mother during initial days of lactation is which type of immunity
Natural passive acquired immunity
110
What is the principle of immunisation or vaccination
Based on the property of memory of the immune system
111
The first true vaccine was discovered against — by —
The first true vaccine against chicken cholera was discovered by Louis Pasteur
112
1st passive immunisation technique was used by — against —-
By Emil von Behring
against Diptheria
