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Zoology class 11 NEET > CH LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT > Flashcards

CH LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three different types of movement

A
  1. Amoeboid or pseudopodial movement by Leucocytes and Macrophages
  2. Ciliated/ Flagellated Movement - In the fallopian Tube and in trachea that helps in removal of dust particles. Spermatozoa shows Flagellated movement
  3. Muscular Movement -
    three types of muscular tissue Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
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2
Q

______ helps in attachment of mucles to bones

A

Tendons

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3
Q

How many muscles are there in the human body

A

There are 639 muscles in the human body

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4
Q

How much of the body weight do muscles make up in adult human

A

40 - 50 percent of the body weight

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5
Q

What are the unique properties of muscles

A

CONTRACTIBILITY, EXCITABILITY, ELASTICITY, EXTENSIBILITY

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6
Q

The muscular tissue is made up of specialised cells k/a

A

Myocytes

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7
Q

One muscle fiber is arranged in a bundle k/a

A

Fasciculi

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8
Q

The structural and functional unit of Myofibril is

A

Sarcomere

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9
Q

What are the different types of myofilament

A
  1. Thin Myofilament
  2. Thick Myofilament
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10
Q

Name the contractile protein

A

Actin and Myosin

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11
Q

What is the content of 1 Sarcomere

A

1/2 I band + 1 A Band + 1/2 I Band

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12
Q

What is the full form of A-band and I-band

A

A-band stands for Anisotropic band
I-band stands for Isotropic band

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13
Q

The part of Myofibril present between two successive Z-line is called

A

Sarcomere

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14
Q

What does thin myofilament contain

A
  1. Actin
  2. Tropomyosin
  3. Troponin
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15
Q

What is the monomeric unit of Myosin

A

Meromyosin

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16
Q

What are the parts of meromyosin

A

Each meromyosin has 2 parts- A globular head with short arm and a tail

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17
Q

The tail of meromyosin is also k/a is also

A

Light Meromyosin

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18
Q

The globular head along with cross arm of meromyosin makes up the

A

Heavy Meromyosin

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19
Q

Actin is a _____ protein and occurs in two forms they are- ______ is the monomeric form and ______ polymeric form

A

Actin is a globular protein and occurs in two forms they are- G actin is the monomeric form and F actin is the polymeric form

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20
Q

Name the regulatory proteins in the muscles

A

Troponin and Tropomyosin

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21
Q

Polymerization of G actin to form F actin happens in the presence of

A

Magnesium Ion

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22
Q

Troponin is ____ protein

A

Trimeric Protein

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23
Q

Tropomyosin is a _____ molecule

A

Fibrous

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24
Q

What is the function of different Troponin

A

Troponin I – It inhibits the actin and myosin interaction
Troponin T -It is the binding site of Tropomyosin
Troponin C - It is the binding site of Calcium

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25
Q

What are the different sites present on the globular head of meromyosin

A

Actin binding site and ATP binding site

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26
Q

During Contraction Muscles can shorten by ___ of their length

A

1/3 to 1/2 of their length

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27
Q

Globular head of Myosin molecule acts as

A

ATPase Enzyme

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28
Q

The store house of Ca2+ in the muscle cells is

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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29
Q

What is a neuromuscular junction

A

The junction between the motor Neuron and the Sarcolemma of the muscles is called as Neuromuscular junction

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30
Q

The mechanism of Muscle Contraction is explained by which theory

A

Sliding Filament Theory Explains the mechanism of muscle Contraction

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31
Q

How does contraction of Muscles occur

A

Contraction of muscles occurs when the thin filament i.e. actin slides over the thick myofilament i.e. Myosin

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32
Q

Which is the neurotransmitter helping in Contraction of muscle

A

Acetylcholine

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33
Q

The potential difference across the membrane of a relaxed muscle fiber called resting potential amounts to

A

-90 mV

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34
Q

What is a neuromuscular Junction

A

The junction between a motor neuron and sarcolemma of the muscle fiber is called as Neuromuscular junction

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35
Q

Acetylcholine is rapidly broken down by an enzyme which is k/a

A

Acetylcholinesterase

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36
Q

For storage of Calcium ions in the SR there is a protein which is k/a

A

Calsequestrin Protein

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37
Q

The number of bones at the time of birth are________ and in adults are ____

A

The number of bones at the time of birth are 213 and in adults are 206

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38
Q

The skeleton in humans is divided into two parts, they are. No of bones in each of them is

A
  1. Axial Skeleton - 80 bones
  2. Appendicular Skeleton - 126 bones
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39
Q

No of bones in skull

A

29

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40
Q

No of bones in Vertebral column

A

26

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41
Q

The no of bones in Ribs+ Sternum

A

24+1

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42
Q

The first Cervical Vertebrae is k/a

A

Atlas

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43
Q

The Second Cervical Vertebrae is k/a

A

Axis

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44
Q

Name the different bones present in the skull

A
  1. Facial Bones
  2. Cranium
  3. Ear Ossicles
  4. Hyoid Bones
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45
Q

The sphenoid bone is _______ shaped

A

Butterfly shaped

46
Q

The Sphenoid bone harbors pituitary gland in its cavity which is k/a

A

Sella Turcica

47
Q

The only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone in the body is k/a

A

Hyoid Bone

48
Q

Because of the presence of two condyles the human skull is _______, while the skull of birds is

A

Dicondylic, skull of birds is Monocondylic

49
Q

The upper jaw bone is also k/a

A

Maxilla - 2 in no.

50
Q

The cheek bone is also called

A

Zygomatic bone

51
Q

What are the different bones in the ear ossicles

A
  1. Hammer or Malleus
  2. Incus or Anvil
  3. Stirrup or Stapes
52
Q

The vertebral column is also k/a

A

Backbone

53
Q

What are intervertebral discs

A

Pads or discs of Cartilage present between the vertebrae is called as Intervertebral disc

54
Q

The atlas articulates with the occipital condyles of occipital bones with the help of ______ joint

A

Atlanto Occipital Joints

55
Q

The odentoid fossa of atlas articulates with odentoid process of Axis with the help of

A

Atlanto - Axial Joint

56
Q

The large opening in the skull through which the brain communicates with the spinal cord is

A

Foramen Magnum

57
Q

The sacral vertebrae is formed by fusion of how many vertebrae

A

5

58
Q

The coccyx vertebrae is formed by fusion of how many Vertebrae

A

4

59
Q

The matrix of cartilage is rich in which salt

A

Chondroitin

60
Q

What are the different types of ribs

A
  1. True Ribs or Vertebrosternal ribs
  2. False ribs or Vertebrochondral ribs
  3. Floating ribs or Vertebral ribs
61
Q

Sternum is a ______ bone

A

Flat bone

62
Q

T Tubule stands for

A

Transverse Tubule

63
Q

Z line is called as

A

Krause membrane

64
Q

Which band shortens during contraction of muscle fibers

A

I band

65
Q

The single long bone of the upper arm is k/a

A

Humerus

66
Q

The bones present in the lower arm are k/a

A

Radius and Ulna

67
Q

How many bones are present in the hand. Name them

A

There are 27 bones in the hand.
1. 8 bones in the wrist region which are k/a Carpals
2. 5 bones in the palm region which are k/a Metacarpals
3. 14 bones in the finger which are k/a Phalanges

68
Q

Which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body

A

Femur or thigh bone

69
Q

The two bones present in the shank region are

A

Tibia and Fibula

70
Q

The knee cap is also k/a

A

Patella

71
Q

The heel bone is called as

A

Calcaneum

72
Q

What are Tarsals

A

The 7 bones present in the ankle region are k/a Tarsals

73
Q

No. of bones in the shoulder girdle is. Name them

A

4 (2 pair)
1. Clavicle or collar bone
2. Scapula or shoulder blade

74
Q

Shoulder girdle is k/a

A

Pectoral girdle

75
Q

What is the shape of the Shoulder blade

A

Scapula is a triangular bone

76
Q

what is the shape of collar bone

A

Clavicle is a S shaped Bone

77
Q

_________ articulates with the head of humerus

A

Glenoid Cavity articulates with the head of hUMERUS

78
Q

The pelvic girdle consists of

A

two coxal or innominate bones which are also k/a Hip Bone

79
Q

The hip bone is made by fusion of

A
  1. Ilium
  2. Pubis
  3. Ischium
80
Q

What is acetabulum

A

The point where the Ilium, pubis and Ischium meet meet a cup shaped hollow cavity is formed which is k/a Acetabulum

81
Q

The hip bone is broader in case of

A

Females

82
Q

_______ articulates with collar bone

A

Acromian process

83
Q

Odontoid process is found in which vertebrae of the vertebral column

A

Axis

84
Q

What are joints? Name the different types of joint

A

Joints are structural arrangement of two bones which articulate i.e. meet each other. There are 3 different types of joint, they are -
1. Immovable Joint
2. Cartilaginous joint
3. Synovial joint

85
Q

Different names for fixed joint

A

Immovable/ fibrous/ Synarthrose joint

86
Q

Examples of Fibrous joints are

A

Joints in the skull which are k/a Sutures
Attachment of tooth with socket in the jaw

87
Q

other names of Slightly movable joints

A

Cartilaginous/ Imperfect/ Amphiarthroses joint

88
Q

Examples of Imperfect joints

A

In sternum-ribs(Coastal Cartilage), pubic symphysis

89
Q

Synovial joint is also k/a

A

Freely movable or Diarthrose joint

90
Q

What are the different functions of Synovial fluid

A
  1. Synovial fluid acts as a shock absorber
  2. It acts as a lubricant which nourishes the bones
  3. helps in providing stability to the joints
  4. helps in movement in all direction
91
Q

____ prevents the bone from being separated in a synovial joint

A

Hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage prevents the bones from being separated

92
Q

what are the types of synovial joints

A
  1. Ball and socket
  2. Hinge Joint
  3. Pivot joint
  4. Gliding Joint
  5. Saddle joint
  6. Angular or Condyloid or ellipsoid joint
93
Q

What is Tetany

A

It refers to rapid spasm in the muscles due to lesser Ca2+ in body fluid

94
Q

what is muscular dystrophy

A

It is a genetic disorder in which protein dystrophin is not formed. Dystrophin is important for contraction of muscles

95
Q

What is arthritis

A

A disorder in which inflammation of joint occurs

96
Q

What are the different types of Arthritis

A
  1. Gouty Arthritis
  2. The Rheumatoid Arthritis
  3. Osteoarthritis
97
Q

Myasthenia Gravis is _____ disorder

A

Autoimmune

98
Q

What happens in Myasthenia Gravis

A

In Myasthenia Gravis the antibodies start attacking the acetylcholine receptors present on the sarcolemma due to which neurotransmitter do not attach to the receptors and hence does not initiate nerve transmission

99
Q

Why is Dystrophin essential

A

Dystrophin is essential for contraction of muscles

100
Q

What is Osteoporosis

A

a skeletal disorder in which bones lose its minerals and fibers from the matrix, as the bone mass decreases the bone becomes more prone to fracture

101
Q

What happens in Gout

A

Inflammation of joint occurs due to accumulation of uric acid crystals - which is due to excessive formation of uric acid

102
Q

How is Rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed

A

It is diagnosed by the presence of rheumatoid factor. In this the joint becomes immovable as the synovial membrane starts secreting an abnormal granulation tissue called as pannus

102
Q

Osteoarthritis affects which joints

A

Joints of spine, knees and hand

103
Q

Eg of ball and socket joint

A

Shoulder and Hip Joint

104
Q

Eg of Hinge Joint

A

Elbow joint, knee joint

105
Q

Eg of Pivot joint

A
  1. b/w Atlas and axis
  2. Between radius and ulna just below the elbow
106
Q

Eg of Gliding joint

A

Tarsals
Carpals

107
Q

Eg of saddle joint

A

Between carpals and metacarpal of the thumb

108
Q

Eg of angular joint

A

b/w radius and carpal

109
Q

Between which ribs is scapula located

A

b/w The 2nd and 7th rib Scapula is located

Zoology class 11 NEET (13 decks)

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