CH LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
What are the three different types of movement
A
- Amoeboid or pseudopodial movement by Leucocytes and Macrophages
- Ciliated/ Flagellated Movement - In the fallopian Tube and in trachea that helps in removal of dust particles. Spermatozoa shows Flagellated movement
- Muscular Movement -
three types of muscular tissue Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
2
Q
______ helps in attachment of mucles to bones
A
Tendons
3
Q
How many muscles are there in the human body
A
There are 639 muscles in the human body
4
Q
How much of the body weight do muscles make up in adult human
A
40 - 50 percent of the body weight
5
Q
What are the unique properties of muscles
A
CONTRACTIBILITY, EXCITABILITY, ELASTICITY, EXTENSIBILITY
6
Q
The muscular tissue is made up of specialised cells k/a
A
Myocytes
7
Q
One muscle fiber is arranged in a bundle k/a
A
Fasciculi
8
Q
The structural and functional unit of Myofibril is
A
Sarcomere
9
Q
What are the different types of myofilament
A
- Thin Myofilament
- Thick Myofilament
10
Q
Name the contractile protein
A
Actin and Myosin
11
Q
What is the content of 1 Sarcomere
A
1/2 I band + 1 A Band + 1/2 I Band
12
Q
What is the full form of A-band and I-band
A
A-band stands for Anisotropic band
I-band stands for Isotropic band
13
Q
The part of Myofibril present between two successive Z-line is called
A
Sarcomere
14
Q
What does thin myofilament contain
A
- Actin
- Tropomyosin
- Troponin
15
Q
What is the monomeric unit of Myosin
A
Meromyosin
16
Q
What are the parts of meromyosin
A
Each meromyosin has 2 parts- A globular head with short arm and a tail
17
Q
The tail of meromyosin is also k/a is also
A
Light Meromyosin
18
Q
The globular head along with cross arm of meromyosin makes up the
A
Heavy Meromyosin
19
Q
Actin is a _____ protein and occurs in two forms they are- ______ is the monomeric form and ______ polymeric form
A
Actin is a globular protein and occurs in two forms they are- G actin is the monomeric form and F actin is the polymeric form
20
Q
Name the regulatory proteins in the muscles
A
Troponin and Tropomyosin
21
Q
Polymerization of G actin to form F actin happens in the presence of
A
Magnesium Ion
22
Q
Troponin is ____ protein
A
Trimeric Protein
23
Q
Tropomyosin is a _____ molecule
A
Fibrous
24
Q
What is the function of different Troponin
A
Troponin I – It inhibits the actin and myosin interaction
Troponin T -It is the binding site of Tropomyosin
Troponin C - It is the binding site of Calcium
25
What are the different sites present on the globular head of meromyosin
Actin binding site and ATP binding site
26
During Contraction Muscles can shorten by ___ of their length
1/3 to 1/2 of their length
27
Globular head of Myosin molecule acts as
ATPase Enzyme
28
The store house of Ca2+ in the muscle cells is
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
29
What is a neuromuscular junction
The junction between the motor Neuron and the Sarcolemma of the muscles is called as Neuromuscular junction
30
The mechanism of Muscle Contraction is explained by which theory
Sliding Filament Theory Explains the mechanism of muscle Contraction
31
How does contraction of Muscles occur
Contraction of muscles occurs when the thin filament i.e. actin slides over the thick myofilament i.e. Myosin
32
Which is the neurotransmitter helping in Contraction of muscle
Acetylcholine
33
The potential difference across the membrane of a relaxed muscle fiber called resting potential amounts to
-90 mV
34
What is a neuromuscular Junction
The junction between a motor neuron and sarcolemma of the muscle fiber is called as Neuromuscular junction
35
Acetylcholine is rapidly broken down by an enzyme which is k/a
Acetylcholinesterase
36
For storage of Calcium ions in the SR there is a protein which is k/a
Calsequestrin Protein
37
The number of bones at the time of birth are________ and in adults are ____
The number of bones at the time of birth are 213 and in adults are 206
38
The skeleton in humans is divided into two parts, they are. No of bones in each of them is
1. Axial Skeleton - 80 bones
2. Appendicular Skeleton - 126 bones
39
No of bones in skull
29
40
No of bones in Vertebral column
26
41
The no of bones in Ribs+ Sternum
24+1
42
The first Cervical Vertebrae is k/a
Atlas
43
The Second Cervical Vertebrae is k/a
Axis
44
Name the different bones present in the skull
1. Facial Bones
2. Cranium
3. Ear Ossicles
4. Hyoid Bones
45
The sphenoid bone is _______ shaped
Butterfly shaped
46
The Sphenoid bone harbors pituitary gland in its cavity which is k/a
Sella Turcica
47
The only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone in the body is k/a
Hyoid Bone
48
Because of the presence of two condyles the human skull is _______, while the skull of birds is
Dicondylic, skull of birds is Monocondylic
49
The upper jaw bone is also k/a
Maxilla - 2 in no.
50
The cheek bone is also called
Zygomatic bone
51
What are the different bones in the ear ossicles
1. Hammer or Malleus
2. Incus or Anvil
3. Stirrup or Stapes
52
The vertebral column is also k/a
Backbone
53
What are intervertebral discs
Pads or discs of Cartilage present between the vertebrae is called as Intervertebral disc
54
The atlas articulates with the occipital condyles of occipital bones with the help of ______ joint
Atlanto Occipital Joints
55
The odentoid fossa of atlas articulates with odentoid process of Axis with the help of
Atlanto - Axial Joint
56
The large opening in the skull through which the brain communicates with the spinal cord is
Foramen Magnum
57
The sacral vertebrae is formed by fusion of how many vertebrae
5
58
The coccyx vertebrae is formed by fusion of how many Vertebrae
4
59
The matrix of cartilage is rich in which salt
Chondroitin
60
What are the different types of ribs
1. True Ribs or Vertebrosternal ribs
2. False ribs or Vertebrochondral ribs
3. Floating ribs or Vertebral ribs
61
Sternum is a ______ bone
Flat bone
62
T Tubule stands for
Transverse Tubule
63
Z line is called as
Krause membrane
64
Which band shortens during contraction of muscle fibers
I band
65
The single long bone of the upper arm is k/a
Humerus
66
The bones present in the lower arm are k/a
Radius and Ulna
67
How many bones are present in the hand. Name them
There are 27 bones in the hand.
1. 8 bones in the wrist region which are k/a Carpals
2. 5 bones in the palm region which are k/a Metacarpals
3. 14 bones in the finger which are k/a Phalanges
68
Which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body
Femur or thigh bone
69
The two bones present in the shank region are
Tibia and Fibula
70
The knee cap is also k/a
Patella
71
The heel bone is called as
Calcaneum
72
What are Tarsals
The 7 bones present in the ankle region are k/a Tarsals
73
No. of bones in the shoulder girdle is. Name them
4 (2 pair)
1. Clavicle or collar bone
2. Scapula or shoulder blade
74
Shoulder girdle is k/a
Pectoral girdle
75
What is the shape of the Shoulder blade
Scapula is a triangular bone
76
what is the shape of collar bone
Clavicle is a S shaped Bone
77
_________ articulates with the head of humerus
Glenoid Cavity articulates with the head of hUMERUS
78
The pelvic girdle consists of
two coxal or innominate bones which are also k/a Hip Bone
79
The hip bone is made by fusion of
1. Ilium
2. Pubis
3. Ischium
80
What is acetabulum
The point where the Ilium, pubis and Ischium meet meet a cup shaped hollow cavity is formed which is k/a Acetabulum
81
The hip bone is broader in case of
Females
82
_______ articulates with collar bone
Acromian process
83
Odontoid process is found in which vertebrae of the vertebral column
Axis
84
What are joints? Name the different types of joint
Joints are structural arrangement of two bones which articulate i.e. meet each other. There are 3 different types of joint, they are -
1. Immovable Joint
2. Cartilaginous joint
3. Synovial joint
85
Different names for fixed joint
Immovable/ fibrous/ Synarthrose joint
86
Examples of Fibrous joints are
Joints in the skull which are k/a Sutures
Attachment of tooth with socket in the jaw
87
other names of Slightly movable joints
Cartilaginous/ Imperfect/ Amphiarthroses joint
88
Examples of Imperfect joints
In sternum-ribs(Coastal Cartilage), pubic symphysis
89
Synovial joint is also k/a
Freely movable or Diarthrose joint
90
What are the different functions of Synovial fluid
1. Synovial fluid acts as a shock absorber
2. It acts as a lubricant which nourishes the bones
3. helps in providing stability to the joints
4. helps in movement in all direction
91
____ prevents the bone from being separated in a synovial joint
Hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage prevents the bones from being separated
92
what are the types of synovial joints
1. Ball and socket
2. Hinge Joint
3. Pivot joint
4. Gliding Joint
5. Saddle joint
6. Angular or Condyloid or ellipsoid joint
93
What is Tetany
It refers to rapid spasm in the muscles due to lesser Ca2+ in body fluid
94
what is muscular dystrophy
It is a genetic disorder in which protein dystrophin is not formed. Dystrophin is important for contraction of muscles
95
What is arthritis
A disorder in which inflammation of joint occurs
96
What are the different types of Arthritis
1. Gouty Arthritis
2. The Rheumatoid Arthritis
3. Osteoarthritis
97
Myasthenia Gravis is _____ disorder
Autoimmune
98
What happens in Myasthenia Gravis
In Myasthenia Gravis the antibodies start attacking the acetylcholine receptors present on the sarcolemma due to which neurotransmitter do not attach to the receptors and hence does not initiate nerve transmission
99
Why is Dystrophin essential
Dystrophin is essential for contraction of muscles
100
What is Osteoporosis
a skeletal disorder in which bones lose its minerals and fibers from the matrix, as the bone mass decreases the bone becomes more prone to fracture
101
What happens in Gout
Inflammation of joint occurs due to accumulation of uric acid crystals - which is due to excessive formation of uric acid
102
How is Rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed
It is diagnosed by the presence of rheumatoid factor. In this the joint becomes immovable as the synovial membrane starts secreting an abnormal granulation tissue called as pannus
102
Osteoarthritis affects which joints
Joints of spine, knees and hand
103
Eg of ball and socket joint
Shoulder and Hip Joint
104
Eg of Hinge Joint
Elbow joint, knee joint
105
Eg of Pivot joint
1. b/w Atlas and axis
2. Between radius and ulna just below the elbow
106
Eg of Gliding joint
Tarsals
Carpals
107
Eg of saddle joint
Between carpals and metacarpal of the thumb
108
Eg of angular joint
b/w radius and carpal
109
Between which ribs is scapula located
b/w The 2nd and 7th rib Scapula is located
