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ANAT 14 > Ch1 > Flashcards

Ch1 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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0
Q

What is the study of how the body and its parts work or function?

A

Physiology

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1
Q

What is the study of structure and shape of body?

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Why would you have a hard time learning and understanding physiology if you did not also understand anatomy?

A

Anatomy and physiology are related. A given function can occur only if the corresponding structure allows it.

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3
Q

Kidney function, bone growth, and beating of the heart are all topics of anatomy. True or false?

A

False. They are all topics of physiology.

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4
Q

What are the six levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain how they are related?

A 
Chemical level (Atom, Molecule)
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
Organ system level
Organisms level
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5
Q

What are the names of organ system of body, and briefly state the major function of each system?

A

Cardiovascular, skeletal, lymphatic, digestive, urinary, reproductive, nervous, muscular, respiratory, endocrine, integumentary system.

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6
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

Studying large part in anatomical levels.

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7
Q

What is microscopic anatomy?

A

Very small structure

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8
Q

What is the organ system that forms the external body system?

A

Integumentary system.

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9
Q

In which organ system is cutaneous nerve receptors located?

A

Integumentary system

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10
Q

What are four functions of integumentary system?

A
  • forms external body system
  • regulate temperature
  • protect deep tissues
  • location of cutaneous nerve receptor
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11
Q

What are the function of skeletal system?

A
  • protect and support body organs
  • provide muscle attachment
  • site for blood formation
  • stores minerals
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12
Q

What are the functions of muscular system?

A
  • maintain posture
  • produce movement
  • produce heat
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13
Q

What is fast acting control system in our body system?

A

Nervous system

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14
Q

Which body system activates muscles and glands?

A

Nervous system

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15
Q

What are the functions of endocrine system?

A

Secrete regulatory hormones : growth, reproduction, metabolism

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16
Q

What are the functions of cardiovascular system?

A

Transports materials in body by blood pumped by heart.

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17
Q

Which organ system returns fluids to blood vessels?

A

Lymphatic system

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18
Q

What are the functions of lymphatic system ?

A
  • returns fluids to blood vessels

- involved in immunity

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19
Q

Which organ system keeps blood supplied with oxygen?

A

Respiratory system

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20
Q

What are the functions of respiratory system?

A
  • keeps blood supplied with oxygen

- removes carbon dioxide

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21
Q

Which organ system eliminates indigestive materials?

A

Digestive system

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22
Q

What are the functions of digestive system?

A
  • break down food
  • absorb nutrients into blood
  • eliminate indigestive materials
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23
Q

Which organ system maintain acid-base balance ?

A

Urinary system

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24
What are the functions of urinary system?
- eliminate nitrogenous wastes - maintain acid- base balance - regulate water and electrolyte
25
What are the functions of reproductive system?
Produce offsprings
26
Which organ system stores minerals?
Skeletal system
27
What are the four main materials that cardiovascular system transports in body via blood pumped by heart?
Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nutrients Wastes
28
What do we need in order to keep life function ?
``` Maintain boundary Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth ```
29
What does growth mean in necessary life function?
Increase cell size and number of cells
30
What does movement mean in necessary life function?
Locomotion | Movement of substances
31
Why metabolism is necessary for life function?
Because it produces energy and makes body structure
32
What do we need to survive?
``` Nutrients Oxygen Water Stable body temperature Atmospheric pressure ```
33
Why do we need water to survive?
Water consists of 60-80% of body weight | It provided for metabolic reaction
34
What does homeostasis mean?
Maintain stable internal environment
35
What would result from disturbance (imbalance)of homeostasis ?
Disease
36
What is necessary for normal body functioning and sustain life?
Homeostasis
37
What are the elements of a homeostic control system?
1. Stimulus - 2. Receptor -3. Control center -4. Effector - ( negative feedback/positive feedback)
38
What is it called to have a homeostasis that cause disease?
Homeostasis imbalance
39
How to maintain homeostasis ？
The body communicates through neural and hormonal control system
40
If this control system were regulating room temperature, what apparatus world be effector?
The heat generating furnace or oil burner
41
What is Positive feedback of homeostatic control system?
- increase the original stimulus to push the variable farther - examples are : blood clotting, the birth of baby
42
What types of homeostatic control system feedback is as following ? - most homeostatic control mechanism - shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity - works like bs household thermostat
Negative feedback
43
Why do we use special terminology for anatomy?
``` To prevent misunderstanding Exact terms used for - position - region - direction - structure ```
44
What is term for forearm?
Antebrachial
45
What is term for thigh?
Femoral
46
Skeletal system contains ---,---,---.
Cartilage, joint, bone
47
Which organ system provides a site for blood cell formation?
Skeletal system
48
Which organ system helps to maintain posture?
Muscular system
49
Which organ system produced heat?
Muscular system
50
Which organ system activates muscles and glands?
Nervous system
51
What does nervous system contains?
Brain, spinal cords, nerves, secondary receptor
52
Endocrine system secretes regulatory hormone in order for ----, ---, ---.
Growth, reproduction, metabolism
53
Which organ system does pancreas belong to?
Endocrine system
54
What organs does cardiovascular system contain?
Heart, blood vessels
55
Which organ system returns fluids to blood vessels?
Lymphatic system
56
Which organs are contained in lymphatic system?
Thoracic duct, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels
57
Which organ system removes carbon dioxide I our body?
Respiratory system
58
Which organ system eliminates indigestive materials?
Digestive system
59
Which organ system maintains acid-base balance?
Urinary system
60
Which organ system regulates water and electrolytes?
Urinary system
61
At which level of structural organization is the stomach? At which level is a glucose molecule?
Organ level | Chemical level
62
List eight functions that humans must perform to maintain life.
``` Movement Responsiveness or irritability Maintain boundary Digestion Metabolism Reproduction Growth Excretion ```
63
List the five survival needs of human body.
``` Water Oxygen Nutrition Normal body temperature Appropriate atmospheric pressure ```
64
What is the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can be absorbed into blood?
Digestion *metabolism is a broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells.
65
What is it called to increase in size usually by increase in the number of cells?
Growth
66
What are the three components of homeostatic control mechanism?
Receptor, control center, effector | Respond, assess, activate
67
Most of homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback mechanisms. True or False?
True Negative feedback mechanisms regulate heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, and blood levels of glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and minerals.
68
Positive feedback mechanisms tent to (decrease or increase) original disturbance (stimulus) and to push variables (closer or farther) from its original value.
Increase Farther Example: blood clotting, birth
69
What is it called that we assume the body is always in a standard position to avoid confusion?
Anatomical position
70
Illustrate the face-front anatomical position
The body is erect with feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward.
71
Homeostasis is dynamic state of equilibrium. | True or false?
True
72
What are two subdivisions of the dorsal cavity?
Cranial cavity | Spinal cavity
73
What is the dorm shaped muscle that separates thoracic cavity from the rest of ventral cavity ?
Diaphragm
74
What organs are in the thoracic cavity?
Lungs, heart, and others
75
What region does separates the lungs into right and left cavities in the thoracic cavity?
Mediastinum
76
If you want to spectate thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity of a cadaver, which type of section would you make?
A transverse section
77
Of a spinal cord, small intestine, uterus, and heart, which are in the dorsal body cavity?
Only spinal cord
78
Joe went to the emergency rm where he complained of severe pain in the lower right quadrant of his abdomen. What might be his problem?
Might be appendicitis
79
What is used to see sizes and relationships of body parts?
Observation
80
Structure determined by what --- can occur; therefore, if the structure changes, the --- must also be changed.
Function
81
Homeostasis is necessary for --- and ---.
Survival | Good health
82
What is the most homeostasis control system to act at reduce or stop the initial stimulus?
Negative feedback
83
What are the major structures of diencephalon ?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
84
What would be the consequence of blocked arachnoid villi?
Hydrocephalus. The ventricles would expand as cerebrospinal fluid accumulates. Unable to drain into dural sinus

ANAT 14 (16 decks)

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