Ch5

Question 0

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 0

Support, protection, storage, blood cell formation, movement

Question 1

A fracture is treated by —, which is realignment of the broken bone ends.

Answer 1

Reduction

Question 2

Bone remodeling is performed by — and —.

Answer 2

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts

Question 3

The skull bones are joined by —. Only the — is attached by a free movable joint.

Answer 3

Sutures, mandible

Question 4

Which bone has the cribriform plate and crustal galli?

Answer 4

Ethmoid bone

Question 5

What are the two basic types of bone tissue?

Answer 5

Compact bone, sponge bone

Question 6

Name three major parts of long bone

Answer 6

Diaphysis-composed of compact bone
Epiphysis-mostly sponge bone
Periosteum-fibrous connective tissue membrane

Question 7

Which part of long bone carries blood vessels and nerves from one osteon to the other?

Answer 7

Perforating (Volkman’s) canal

Question 8

In bone structure, What is the cavities that is arranged in concentric rings and contains bone cell (osteocytes)?

Answer 8

Lacunae

Question 9

Body weight is carried mostly by the two largest tarsals, the — and the —.

Answer 9

Calcaneus, talus

Question 10

What are the major functions of the joints?

Answer 10

Bone binding, mobility

Question 11

The process of returning the dislocated bone to its proper position is called —.

Answer 11

Reduction

Question 12

What is the best example of a saddle joint?

Answer 12

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Question 13

Which spinal curvatures are present at birth?

Answer 13

Thoracic and sacral curvature

Question 14

Which regions of skeleton grow most rapidly during childhood?

Answer 14

Lower limbs and facial skeleton

Question 15

The organic parts of the matrix make bone flexible; — deposited in the matrix make bone hard.

Answer 15

Calcium salts

Question 16

What are composed of skeletal system?

Answer 16

Bone(skeleton), joints, cartilages, ligaments

Question 17

What are the two basic type of Osseous?

Answer 17

Compact bone, sponge bone

Question 18

What are the classification of bones based on size and shape?

Answer 18

Long bone, short bone (sesamoid), flat bone, irregular bone

Question 19

What is fibrous connective tissue membrane that protects and covers diaphysis?

Answer 19

Periosteum

Question 20

What covers external surface instead of periosteum which prevents friction as it creates smooth and glassy surface.

Answer 20

Articular cartilage

Question 21

What is another name of osteon?

Answer 21

Haversian system

Question 22

What is the communicating pathway from the outside of the bone to the interior?

Answer 22

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal

Question 23

What is called for the process of bone formation?

Answer 23

Ossification

Question 24

Most bones develop from hyaline cartilage except flat bones that form on ----.

Answer 24

Fibrous membrane

Question 25

Hyaline cartilage converted to bone by ---, except two regions, --- and ---.

Answer 25

Osteoblasts, epiphyseal plates, articular cartilage

Question 26

Bones are remodeled continuously in response to --- and ---.

Answer 26

Calcium level in blood, the pull of gravity and muscle

Question 27

What is the process of repair of bone fracture?

Answer 27

Hematoma forms- fibrocartilage callus forms (growth of new capillaries (granulation tissue)) - the bony callus forms - bone remodeling occur

Question 28

A fracture is treated by --- and ---.

Answer 28

Reduction, realignment

Question 29

Which structure of bones are in axial skeleton?

Answer 29

Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, hyoid bone

Question 30

Which structure of bones are in appendicular skeleton ?

Answer 30

Shoulder girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs

Question 31

Where can be osteocytes found?

Answer 31

Within the matrix in Lacunae ( tiny cavities arranged in lamellae of osteon)

Question 32

Skeleton is formed from two strongest and most supportive tissue in the body, which are --- and ---.

Answer 32

Bone, cartilage

Question 33

When calcium level in blood is low --- activates --- to break down bone matrix and release calcium ions.

Answer 33

PTH, osteoclasts

Question 34

What is the relationship btw muscles and bones?

Answer 34

Muscles use bones as levers to bring about body movements.

Question 35

Bones don't begin with bone. What do they begin with?

Answer 35

Membranes or cartilages

Question 36

What bone articulates with every other facial bones (except mandible)?

Answer 36

The maxilla

Question 37

What is the bone that is not articulated directly with any bone, but close related to temporal and mandible bones?

Answer 37

Hyoid bone

Question 38

What is the functions of Hyoid bone?

Answer 38

Attachment site for neck muscle, movable base for tongue

Question 39

What are the functions of intervertebral cartilages?

Answer 39

Absorb shock, allow spine flexibility

Question 40

What are functions of vertebral column?

Answer 40

Support skull, protect & support spinal cord

Question 41

What is the characteristics of C1?

Answer 41

Atlas has nobody. Large depression on both transverse process to receive occipital condyles. Allows to nod "yes"

Question 42

What is the characteristics of C2?

Answer 42

Axis acts as a pivot for the rotation of atlas above. | The large upright process and dens act as the pivot point "no".

Question 43

What bones composed of vertebral column?

Answer 43

``` 7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx ```

Question 44

Which organs are protected by thoracic cage?

Answer 44

Heart, lungs, blood vessels

Question 45

What makes up the bony thorax?

Answer 45

Sternum, ribs, thoracic vertevrae

Question 46

Sternum is the result of which three bones?

Answer 46

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 47

What bone class do the ribs and skull bones fall into?

Answer 47

Flat bone

Question 48

Where are the carpals found, and what types of bone are they?

Answer 48

Wrist | Short bone

Question 49

Pelvic girdle forms by two --- and ---.

Answer 49

Coxal bones, or ossa coxa (hip bone) | Sacrum

Question 50

What forms pelvis, which is bony pelvis?

Answer 50

Pelvic girdle (hip bone and sacrum) and coccyx

Question 51

A hip bone. Is formed by fusion of ---, ---, and ---.

Answer 51

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 52

Characteristics of female pelvis

Answer 52

Inlet is larger and more circular As a whole, shallower, bone is lighter & thinner Ilia flare more laterally Sacrum is shorter and less curved Ischial spine are shorter and far apart-larger outlet Pubic arch is more rounded. Angle is greater

Question 53

What are the functions of joint?

Answer 53

Hold the bones together | Give the rigid skeleton mobility

Question 54

What are the functional classification of joint?

Answer 54

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

Question 55

What is the structural classification of joint?

Answer 55

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial joint

Question 56

Characteristics of synovial joint

Answer 56

1. Joint cavity 2. Synovial fluid 3. Surrounded by capsule 4. Articular (hyaline) cartilage 5. Reinforcing ligament to stabilize joint They account for all joints of the limbs

Question 57

A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is ---.

Answer 57

Canaliculus

Question 58

Bones articulate with sphenoid include -----------.

Answer 58

Zygomaticus, parietal, vomer, maxillae, ethmoid

Question 59

The part of thoracic vertebrae that articulate with the ribs are --- and ---.

Answer 59

Transverse process, body

Question 60

Bone parts articulate with the femur?

Answer 60

Pubis, patella, tibia

Question 61

Bone marking: Attachment site for muscle or ligament?

Answer 61

Trochanter, process

Question 62

Bone marking: forms a joint surface

Answer 62

Condyle, facet

Question 63

Bone marking: passageway for vessels or nerve

Answer 63

Foramen

Question 64

--- is an important cranial landmark, as it houses the pituitary gland.

Answer 64

Sella turcica

Question 65

PTH activates --- in bone, when blood calcium level drop below homeostatic level.

Answer 65

Osteoclasts

Question 66

In an osteon, bone cells are arranged in concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called ---.

Answer 66

Haversian canals

Question 67

The glenoid cavity is located where --------.

Answer 67

Humerus articulates with the scapula

Question 68

Metacarpophalangeal joints are examples of synovial joint, based on shape?

Answer 68

Condylar joint

Question 69

A smooth, smallish, nearly flat surface of a bone is called ---.

Answer 69

Facet

Question 70

What are the names of two types of bone tissue?

Answer 70

Compact, sponge

Question 71

The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases --- into sarcoplasm during ---.

Answer 71

Calcium, contraction

Question 72

The primary function of the flexor carpi ulnar is muscles are ------.

Answer 72

Flex the wrist and adduct the hand