Ch14

Question 1

In which organ of alimentary canal does protein digestion begin?

Answer 1

Stomach

Question 2

The —- controls food movement from the stomach into the small intestine and prevent small intestine from being overwhelmed.

Answer 2

Pyloric sphincter

Question 3

What substance forms the bulk of the tooth?

Answer 3

Dentin

Question 4

What is the normal number of permanent teeth?

Answer 4

32

Question 5

Digestion of which type of food would be affected by decreased secretion of saliva?

Answer 5

Starch

Question 6

Only one organ produces enzymes capable of digesting all groups of food. Which organ is this?

Answer 6

Pancreas

Question 7

What is the digestive role of bile?

Answer 7

Emulsify fats by physically breaking down larger fat globules into smaller ones.

Question 8

For absorption to occur, the digested foods must first enter — by active or passive transport processes.

Answer 8

Mucosal cells

Question 9

What happens during the buccal stage of swallowing?

Answer 9

This is the voluntary stage in which the chewed food is pushed into the pharynx by the tongue.

Question 10

What is brush border enzymes?

Answer 10

Enzymes located on microvilli of intestinal absorptive cells.

Question 11

Alimentary canal has four main tissue layers, which are ——–.

Answer 11

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa

Question 12

The — is a muscular tube that provides a passageway for food and air.

Answer 12

Pharynx

Question 13

The — is a muscular tube that completes the passageway from the pharynx to the stomach.

Answer 13

Esophagus

Question 14

Food enters the stomach through the — and leaves it to enter the small intestine through the —.

Answer 14

Cardio esophageal sphincter

Pyloric sphincter

Question 15

What does the gastric glands produce?

Answer 15

Hydrochloric acid, pepsin, rennin, mucus, gastric, and intrinsic factors.

Question 16

What are subdivisions of the small intestine?

Answer 16

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 17

What contributed to increase surface area of the small intestine?

Answer 17

Microvilli, villi, and circular folds

Question 18

What are the building blocks of the following ?
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats

Answer 18

Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Fatty acid and glycerol

Question 19

What are two phases of swallowing?

Answer 19

1. Buccal phase- voluntary. Tongue pushes bolus into pharynx
2. Pharyngeal esophageal phase-involuntary. The closing of nasal and respiratory passages and conduct food to stomach by peristalsis

Question 20

— are absorbed by diffusion into both — and —.

Answer 20

Capillary blood

Lacteals in the villi

Question 21

The pH of chyme entering the duodenum is adjusted by

1. Bile
2. Intestinal juice
3. Enzyme secretions from the pancreas
4. Bicarbonate-rich secretions from the pancreas

Answer 21

4. Bicarbonate-rich secretions from the pancreas

Question 22

Where in the stomach do the strongest peristaltic waves occur?

1. Body
2. Fundus
3. Cardiac region
4. Pylorus

Answer 22

4. Pylorus

Question 23

What are the two alimentary canal nerve plexus?

Answer 23

Submucosal nerve plexus
Myenteric nerve plexus

Both regulate mobility and secretion activities of the GI tract organs. Autonomic nervous system.

Question 24

Functions of cells in gastric glands:
Mucous neck cells-
Parietal cells-
Chief cells-
Enteroendocrine cells-

Answer 24

Mucous neck cells-sticky alkaline mucus
Parietal cells-HCL
Chief cells-pepsinogen
Enteroendocrine cells-gastrin

Question 25

Ileum extends from jejunum to large intestine at the -----, which joins small and large intestine.

Answer 25

Ileocecal valve

Question 26

the muscularis externa of the large intestine, is reduced to 3 bands of muscle called ------.

Answer 26

Teniae coli These bands cause the wall to pucker into haustra (pocket like sac).

Question 27

What is the name of the little tabs of fat hanging off the large intestine walk?

Answer 27

Epiploic appendages

Question 28

What are the two sets of teeth?

Answer 28

Deciduous teeth | Permanent teeth

Question 29

Liver is connected to gallbladder via ------.

Answer 29

Common hepatic duct

Question 30

What are the composition of bile?

Answer 30

``` Bile salt Bile pigment Cholesterol Electrolyte Phospholipid ```

Question 31

Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors involved in the reflexes and respond to ---, ---, ---.

Answer 31

Stretch of organs, pH level Presence of breakdown products

Question 32

Which layer of the alimentary canal contains the lamina propria?

Answer 32

Mucosa

Question 33

In a broad sense, digestion of food is -------.

Answer 33

Take place "outside" the body proper and actually enters the body via the process of absorption.

Question 34

Gastrin, secreted by the gastric and duodenum mucosa, acts to ------.

Answer 34

Increase the secretion of gastric glands.

Question 35

Which of following terms is defined as "the transport of digested end products from the lumen of the GI tract to the blood or lymph?"

Answer 35

Absorption