Ch.10 - Basis of Psychoanalysis Flashcards
1
Q
Freud
A
- Austrian neurologist who became fascinated with studying hysteria
- had a huge impact on psychology
- created the foundation for psychodynamic therapy
2
Q
Free Association
A
• free flowing, uncensored talking that provides clues to unconscious material
3
Q
Psychoanalysis
A
- suggests that psychological issues are the result of unconscious processes
- bringing unpleasant unconscious thoughts into the consciousness
- talking therapy - talking will help clarify things that bother us
4
Q
Four Key Ideas of Psychodynamic Theory
A
- internal structure
- mental energy
- psychic conflict
- psychic determinism
5
Q
Internal Structure
A
- Id: primitive drives and emotions, pleasure
- Ego: balanced Id and Superego, reality
- Superego: Internalized social norms, morality
6
Q
Mental Energy
A
- referred to as libido
- amount of energy is fixed and finite
- motivated unconscious, material can leak into thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
7
Q
Psychic Conflict
A
- mind can conflict with itself
* compromise formation: ego’s main purpose, conscious thought and behavior
8
Q
Psychic Determinism
A
- argues that there are no accidents, there is a reason behind every act, thought, and feeling
- everything we do is an expression of the mind
9
Q
Id
A
• primitive drives and emotions, pleasure
10
Q
Ego
A
Balances the Id, Superego, and reality
11
Q
Fixation
A
Persistence of sexual traits, attachments to people or things stemming from childhood
12
Q
Libido
A
Instinctual physiological energy associated with sexual urges
13
Q
Thanatos
A
- self destructive behavior linked to the death instinct
* implies that some part of humans desires death
14
Q
Psychosexual Stages
A
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
- Latency
- Genital
15
Q
Oral
A
- birth to 18 months
- focuses on the mouth, lips, and tongue
- Id develops
- dependency, passivity
- adult character: dependent or overly independent
16
Q
Anal
A
- 18 months to 3.5 years
- anus and organs of elimination
- ego develops
- obedience and self control
- adult character: obedient and obsessed with order, or anti authority and chaotic
17
Q
Phallic
A
- 3.5 - 7 years
- sexual organs
- superego develops
- gender identity and sexuality
- adult character: over or undersexualized
18
Q
Latency
A
- 7 years to puberty
- learning and cognitive development
- little development, according to Freud
19
Q
Genital
A
- puberty through adulthood
- sexuality in the context of a mature relationships
- Id, ego, and superego are balanced
- creation and enhancement of life
- adult character: a mature adult (rare)
20
Q
Identification
A
A process where a person unconsciously tries to pattern themselves after another
• aids superego development
21
Q
Primary Process Thinking
A
Without thinking about logical rules of conscious thought or anchor in reality
• part of the Id
22
Q
Wish Fulfillment
A
Something unavailable is conjured up and the image of it is temporarily satisfying
• part of the Id
23
Q
Secondary Process Thinking
A
Developing and devising of strategies for problem solving and obtaining satisfaction
• part of the ego
24
Q
Pleasure Principle
A
Desire for immediate gratification
25
Reality Principle
Constrains the Id to reality, part of the ego
26
Topographic Model in Psychoanalysis
States that the human mind consists of 3 parts
• conscious
• preconscious
• unconscious
27
Conscious
Contains thoughts, feelings, and images about which you are presently aware
28
Preconscious
Contains information you are not presently thinking of, but can be easily retrieved
29
Unconscious
Largest part of the human mind, cannot be readily retrieved
30
Parapraxis
Slips that come from the unconscious mind, in the form of mistakes, accidents, omissions, or memory lapses
31
Objective Anxiety
Occurs in response to a real, external threat to a person
32
Neurotic Anxiety
Occurs when there is direct conflict between Id and Ego
33
Moral Anxiety
Conflict between ego and superego
34
Defense Mechanisms
* ego processes that distort reality to protect the individual from anxiety
* prevents threatening unconscious material from reaching consciousness
35
Repression
• pushes threatening thoughts and ideas into the unconscious
36
Denial
• refusal to acknowledge anxiety provoking stimuli
37
Reaction Formation
Claiming to feel strongly opposite of what one truly feels
38
Rationalization
• creating logical, socially acceptable explanations for behaviors which were actually driven by impulse
39
Intellectualization
Translates a threatening situation into cold, intellectual terms
40
Displacement
Shifting one’s unconscious negativity towards a safer target
41
Projection
Attributing anxiety provoking impulses or thoughts to others
42
Sublimation
Channeling Id desires into positive, socially acceptable outlets
43
Projective Techniques
* person is presented with a series of ambiguous stimuli
* Rorschach tests
* thematic apperception test (TAT)
44
Rorschach Inkblot
* patient is presented with an inkblot stimulus
| * interpretation is supposed to reveal the unconscious
45
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
* an ambiguous image is shown
| * patient’s interpretation reveals the subconscious mind
46
Catharsis
Bringing unpleasant unconscious thoughts into the consciousness
47
Freudian Slips
Mistakes of the tongue that we make in everyday speech, often embarrassing, and are thought to reflect unconscious thoughts or wishes
48
Dream Analysis
* technique of analyzing dreams, based on the assumption that dreams have hidden meanings
* symbols provide clues to unconscious thoughts and desires
* manifest content and latent content
49
Manifest Content
The obvious plot or story of a dream
50
Latent Content
Dream’s hidden or disguised meanings or symbols
51
Resistance
Opposition to therapist when uncovering threatening, anxiety provoking stimuli
52
Transference
People attaching feelings towards important people in their own lives on to their therapist
53
Countertransference
The conscious or unconscious views the therapist holds towards the client
54
Criticisms of Freud’s Theories
* excessive complexity and depth
* case study method isn’t generalizable
* high likelihood of bias
* concepts not defined in terms of operational definitions
* untestable
55
Psychic Conflict
* may not be conscious conflict
| * causes anxiety in a person
