Ch.10 Cell Growth and Divison Test

Question 1

What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Asexual-One parent that produces identical offspring

Sexual-Fusion of 2 sex cells that produce differing offspring

Question 2

List some reasons why cells reproduce through asexual reproduction.

Answer 2

Growth, repair, replacement

Question 3

Why are large cells less efficient?

Answer 3

Large cells require too much energy and produce lots of waste

Question 4

What are the 4 parts of the cell cycle?

Answer 4

G1, S, G2, Mitosis

Question 5

What happens during Gap 1?

Answer 5

Cell growth. Normal functions continue

Question 6

What happens during Synthesis?

Answer 6

DNA is copied

Question 7

What happens during Gap 2?

Answer 7

Additional growth

Question 8

What happens during Mitosis?

Answer 8

Division of nucleus and division of cytoplasm

Question 9

When do chromosomes condense?

Answer 9

At the start of mitosis

Question 10

What is chromatin?

Answer 10

DNA and proteins. Long strands of DNA

Question 11

What is a chromatid?

Answer 11

Half of a chromosome

Question 12

What does a centromere do?

Answer 12

Holds the 2 sister chromatids together

Question 13

Describe the important events of interphase.

Answer 13

Makes a copy of its DNA, grows, and prepares for division

Question 14

What are the phases of mitosis?

Answer 14

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 15

What happens during prophase?

Answer 15

Chromosomes condense and coil, spindle fibers appear, nuclear envelope breaks down

Question 16

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 16

Chromosomes align at middle of the cell and attach to spindle fibers at the centromere

Question 17

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 17

Centromeres split and chromatids separate and move to opposite ends

Question 18

What happens during telophase?

Answer 18

Chromatids arrive at opposite poles, chromosomes uncoil and nuclear envelope forms around the chromosomes

Question 19

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 19

Phase where cytoplasm divides

Question 20

How is cytokinesis different in plants and animals?

Answer 20

Animals-Membrane is pinched closed

Plants-Cell plate forms

Question 21

What do growth factors do?

Answer 21

Proteins that stimulate cell division

Question 22

What is cancer?

Answer 22

Cells with damages to genes involves in cell-cycle regulation. Divide uncontrollably

Question 23

What is a benign tumor?

Answer 23

Noncancerous tumor. Does not spread to other tissue

Question 24

What is a malignant tumor?

Answer 24

Cancerous tumor that invades and destroys surrounding healthy tissue

Question 25

What is metastasis?

Answer 25

Spread of cancer cells

Question 26

What causes cancer cells?

Answer 26

Carcinogens

Question 27

What is a carcinogen?

Answer 27

Substances known to promote cancer

Question 28

What is binary fusion and what types of cells use it for asexual reproduction?

Answer 28

Form of asexual reproduction in which 2 identical cells are produced. It is used by prokaryotic cells

Question 29

What is budding and fragmentation?

Answer 29

Budding-Forms a new organism from a small projection growing on the surface of the parent Fragmentation-The splitting of the parent into pieces that each grow into a new organism

Question 30

What are cyclins?

Answer 30

A family of proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

Question 31

What is apoptosis and what is it important for?

Answer 31

Process of programmed cell death. Plays a role in development by shaping the structure of tissues and organs in plants and animals

Question 32

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 32

Process by which cells become specialized

Question 33

Why are adult stem cells different from embryonic stem cells?

Answer 33

Adult stem cells only produce types of cells unique to that tissue. Embryonic have the ability to become many types of cells

Question 34

How are embryonic stem cells harvested?

Answer 34

Harvested from embryos

Question 35

List some benefits of stem cell research.

Answer 35

Repair and replace badly damaged cells and tissues

Question 36

Why is stem cell research controversial?

Answer 36

Ethical issues of life and death

Question 37

A cells ____ increases faster than its _______.

Answer 37

volume - surface area