Ch.2 Test Flashcards

(70 cards)

1
Q

The smallest basic unit of matter

A

Atom

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2
Q

Name subatomic particles and their charges

A

Proton-Positive
Neutron-Neutral
Electron-Negative

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3
Q

What two subatomic particles are in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons

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4
Q

Electrons in the outer ring of an element that are involved in bonding and give an atom its properties

A

Valence electrons

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5
Q

What does the atomic number tell us about an atom?

A

The number of protons and electrons

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6
Q

What does the atomic mass tell us about an atom?

A

The number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass

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7
Q

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain

A

Isotopes

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8
Q

Why do isotopes still have the same properties as regular atoms?

A

Electrons are responsible for their properties and because their number of electrons does not change, neither does their properties

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9
Q

A _____ is made of different elements bonded together.

A

compound

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10
Q

When do ions form?

A

When atoms gain or lose electrons

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11
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons

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12
Q

A positive ion has gained/lost electrons

A

lost

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13
Q

A negative ion has gained/lost electrons

A

gained

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14
Q

____ bonds form between oppositely charges ions

A

Ionic

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15
Q

_____ bonds forms when atoms share a pair of electrons

A

Covalent

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16
Q

When 2 or more atoms are held together by covalent bonds, they are referred to as a ______

A

molecule

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17
Q

What are the properties of water?

A

Cohesion, adhesion, less dense when solid, expands when it freezes, high specific heat, polar, forms hydrogen bonds, universal solvent

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18
Q

_____ bonds form between slightly positive and slightly negative atoms

A

Hydrogen

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19
Q

Unequal distribution of charge; unequal pull of electrons that the molecule shares

A

Polarity

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20
Q

What is high specific heat?

A

Water can resist temperature changes. This is important for maintaining homeostasis

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21
Q

What is cohesion?

A

Water molecules can stick to other water molecules

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22
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Water molecules can stick to other things

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23
Q

What is capillary action?

A

Tendency of water to be drawn up a narrow tube

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24
Q

_____ is formed when one substance dissolves in another

A

A solution

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25
The substance that is present in the greater amount, dissolves the other
Solvent
26
The substance that dissolves in the other substance
Solute
27
What does pH stand for>
Power of hydrogen
28
On the pH scale, what number is neutral?
7
29
Numbers above 7 are _______
Bases
30
Numbers below 7 are _______
Acids
31
The farther away you get from 7 (either direction), the ____ the acid or base gets
Stronger
32
Acids form ____ ions
H+
33
Bases from ___ ions
H-
34
Acids have a ____ taste
sour (think of lemon)
35
Bases have a _____ taste
bitter (think of B for bitter)
36
Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden changed in pH
Buffers
37
What are the 4 major macromolecules of life?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid
38
What are carbohydrates composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
39
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Break down to provide energy (ATP)
40
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Simple sugars (glucose)
41
What are lipids composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen, and a little oxygen
42
What is the function of lipids?
Plan B for energy, create hormones and cell membranes
43
What are some examples of lipids?
Fats, oils, cholesterol
44
Phospholipids make up ___ _____
cell membranes
45
The head of a phospholipid is ____ or ____ _____
hydrophilic; water loving
46
The tail of a phospholipid is ______ or _____ _____
hydrophobic or water fearing
47
What are proteins composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
48
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
49
What is the function of proteins?
They change the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy
50
Proteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy are called...
Enzymes
51
Proteins differ in the number and order of ____ _____
amino acids
52
What are nucleic acids composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
53
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
54
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphorus, nitrogenous base
55
What are 2 examples of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
56
What is the function of nucleic acids?
DNA-store genetic information | RNA-makes proteins
57
What are the 4 forms of energy?
Chemical, electrical, thermal, mechanical
58
Change substances into different ones by breaking and forming chemical bonds
Chemical reaction
59
What are the 2 parts of a chemical reaction?
Reactants and products
60
Change during a chemical reaction
reactants
61
Made during a chemical reaction
products
62
Energy is _____ to break a bond
added
63
Energy is ____ when bonds form
released
64
The amount of energy that needs to be absorbed to start a chemical reaction
Activation energy
65
Release more energy than they absorb
Exothermic reactions. On graph, total energy released is below the starting amount
66
Absorb more energy than they release
Endothermic reactions. On graph, total energy released is above starting amount
67
Enzyme is a a _____
Catalyst
68
Speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
Catalyst
69
Disruption of _____ can interrupt enzyme function
homeostasis
70
Change in temperature or pH would _____ and not allow it to function
break the hydrogen bonds