Ch.11, Prejudice Flashcards
(27 cards)
Prejudice:
preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members
Prejudice is an attitude
DISCRIMINATION IS A BEHAVIOR
Dual attitude system and prejudice
we can have different explicit and implicit attitudes towards the same target
Implicit Association Tests only modestly predict individual acts, but it betters predicts average outcomes
Racial and prejudice and “racism is gone” statement
Majority group members tend to contrast the present with the oppressive past and to perceive swift and radical progress
Minority group members tend to compare the present with what an ideal world would be, which has not been yet realized, and therefore perceive much less progress
Patronization and minorities
Patronization: inflated praise and insufficient criticism, giving racial minorities less criticism because we feel bad for them
Automatic Racial prejudice and Firing Experiment:
people were more likely to react by “shooting” a black man holding a harmless object in a simulator than anyone else: CONCLUSION, Even when race does not bias perception, it may bias REACTION:
Hostile vs benovelent sexism
Hostile Sexism: overtly negative
Benevolent Sexism: “women deserve protection” may still impede gender equity by discouraging the hiring of women in traditionally male dominated occupations
LGBT Prejudice
Heterosexual men who value masculinity express the most prejudice against transgender individuals
Increase in mood disorders, drug abuse, and suicides among LGBT members in areas where gay marriage is banned
Judgements of competence and likability
WE see other as competent or likable, but not usually both: we typically respect the competence of those high in status and like those who agreeably accept a lower status
Social Dominance Orientation:
people who like their social groups to be high status; being in a dominant/high status position already tends to promote this general orientation
“Double Highs Personality”:
people high in social dominance orientation and authoritarian personality, usually these people are the leaders of hate groups
Religion/Prejudice , correlation between prejudice and religion
Religion justifies corruption
Could be that there is no causal connection, could be that prejudice caused people to form religion to justify it, or could be that religion may cause prejudice
Intrinsically religious people are less prejudiced
If we define religiousness as church membership or willingness to agree at least superficially with traditional beliefs, then the more religious people have been the more racially prejudiced
—-)White church members express more racial prejudice than non-members, and (2)those professing traditional or fundamentalist Christian beliefs express more prejudice than those professing more progressive beliefs (
Face-ism
Facism: men’s faces are more often pictured in advertisements, while women’s bodies are more often pictured
Scapegoat Theory, Motivational Sources of Prejudice
“Displaced aggression” = scapegoating
When living standards are rising, societies tend to be more open to diversity and enforcement of anti-discrimination laws
Williams syndrome and prejudice
Williams Syndrome: people with this disorder are not capable of negative emotional response, and therefore have no racial prejudice
Hard times = more prejudice, taking out the anger on someone and blaming it on them
Realistic Group Conflict Theory
Suggests that prejudice arises when groups compete for scarce resources
Gause’s Law:
evolutionary biology law that states that maximum competition will exist between species with identical needs
Economic competition can lead to more prejudice; as competition increases, conflict increases, and so does prejudice
Social Identity Theory of prejudice/categorization
Self concept contains both personal identity and social identity
Categorization: we find it useful to put people, ourselves included, into categories via religion , status, etc.
We identify: we associate ourselves with certain groups–IN GROUPS-and gain self esteem by doing so
We compare: we contrast our groups with other groups, OUT GROUPS, with a favorable bias toward our own groups
In group bias and prejudice
The experience of being formed into groups may promote in-group bias
In group bias: example of human quest for positive self-concept, when our group is successful, we can make ourselves feel better by identifying more strongly with it
In-group bias feeds favoritism: believe in group members are better than out group members
Infrahumanization
Infrahumanization: denying human attributes to out groups; dehumanize out groups
Bias is a matter of dislike toward those who are different
Terror Management Theory:
people shield themselves from the threat of their own death by derogating those whose challenges to their worldviews further arouse their anxiety
Own Race Bias
Own-Race Bias: can more easily identify people from our own race, but other races tend to “all look alike”
Distinctiveness
Extra attention we pay to distinctive people creates an illusion that they differ more from others than they really do
Distinctiveness in a group causes self-consciousness (only woman in the room, feel self-conscious)
Self-conscious interactions between a minority and majority person can feel tense: don’t want to come off as prejudiced, but then holding back comes across as distant, person perceives you as prejudiced
Illusory Correlations
Features that distinguish a minority from a majority are those that become associated with it
Feeds mass illusory correlations about groups throughout media (when a murderer is gay, this part is emphasized)
Self-Perpetuating Prejudgments
Prejudgments are self-perpetuating: whenever a group member behaves as expected it confirms it; when they do not, we explain away the behavior as due to special circumstances
