Ch. 2, Self Flashcards
(48 cards)
Spotlight Effect, consequences and helpful solutions
Seeing ourselves at center stage, overestimating the extent to which others attention is aimed at us
CONSEQUENCES: you can be perceived as self-centered, you ignore others, you no longer act as yourself
HELPFUL SOLUTIONS: understand its not all about you, remind yourself to pay attention to others, ask yourself “so what”
Illusion of Transparency:
we feel transparent when we feel self-conscious and worry about being negatively evaluated by other
4 components of self
Self-Concpet: who am I?
Self-Knowledge: how you explain and predict yourself
Self-esteem: sense of worth
Social self: role as a student, friend, member, etc.
Which regions of the brain create consistency of self?
Consistency of self: CREATED BY THE RIGHT HEMISPHERE OF THE BRAIN
Medial Prefrontal Cortex: neuron path located in the cleft between your brain hemispheres behind the eyes joins the “sense of self”
Self-schemas
Self-schemas: specific beliefs by which you define yourself
Looking-Glass Self, Charles Cooley, Sociologist:
described our use of how we think others perceive us as a mirror for perceiving ourselves
George Mead and social judgements
what matters for our self-concept is not how others actually see us but the way we imagine they see us
Elements of individualism
Western culture, identity is self-contained, INDEPENDENT SELF, PERSONAL, ME, DISSAPROVES OF CONFORMITY
Elements of collectivism
INTERDEPENDENT SELF: people are more self-critical,. Focus less on positive self-views, collectivist (HAS MANY SELVES), WE, DISAPROVES OF EGOTISM
Planning Fallacy:
underestimating how long it will take to complete a task
Affective Forecasting:
people have the greatest difficulty predicting the intensity and duration of their future emotions
Impact Bias:
overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events
Dual Attitudes:
our automatic/implicit attitudes regarding someone or something often differ from our consciously controlled/explicit attitudes
Why are self-reports inaccurate?
Self-reports are often untrustworthy; errors in self-understanding limit the scientific usefulness of these reports
Bottom up view of self esteem
Bottom-Up View of Self-esteeem: sum of all of our self-views across various domains (when everything is as we want it to be, our self-esteem is good)
Top down self-esteem
Top-Down Self-Esteem: we are more likely to perceive things as good when we have a high self-esteem
Terror Management Theory, GreenBurg:
argues that humans must find ways tlo manage their overwhelming fear of death; the reality of our own death motivates us to gain recognition from our work and values
Self-Serving Bias
Attributing positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to something else
Making self-serving attributions activates brain areas associated with reward and pleasure
Self-serving attributions contribute to marital discord, worker dissatisfaction, and bargaining impasses
ON SUBJECTIVE, SOCIALLY DESIRABLE, AND COMMON DIMENSIONS, MOST PEOPLE SEE THEMSELVES ASA BETTER THAN THE AVERAGE PERSON
Why does self-serving bias exist?
WHY: the self-serving bias exists because of errors in how we process and remember info about ourselves
Biased blind spot
Biased Blind Spot: people claim they avoid a self-serving bias but readily acknowledge that others show this bias
Why do people with depression. not have a self-serving bias?
EXCEPTION: people who suffer from depression do not have a self-serving bias; THIS IS A NEGATIVE EXPLANATORY STYLE, THAT IS STABLE (LASTS FOREVER), GLOBAL (ITS GOING TO AFFECT EVERYTHING I DO) AND INTERNAL (ITS ALL MY FAULT)
Optimistic Attributional Srtyle: does not have the same elements as the pessimistic
Defensive Pessimism:
anticipates problems and motivates effective coping
False Consensus Effect:
we find support for our positions by overestimating the extent to which others agree
Temporal Comparison
Temporal comparisons with our own past selves are typically flattering to our current selves
