Ch13

Question 1

What is organizational change?

Answer 1

It refers to actions that alter major components of an organization such as culture, technology, or internal processes. (Slide 4)

Question 2

What are two types of change?

Answer 2

Planned change (goal-oriented) and unplanned change (accidental or reactive). (Slide 6)

Question 3

What is a ‘change agent’?

Answer 3

Someone who initiates and manages change within the organization. Can be internal or external. (Slide 7)

Question 4

What is a key skill for change agents?

Answer 4

Visionary thinking, motivation, and implementation ability. (Slide 7)

Question 5

What are the sources of resistance to change?

Answer 5

Individual Lev.
1. Habit
2. Fear of the unknown
3. Security
4. Economic Factors
5. Selective Information Processing

Org level
1. Threat to established rss. allocations
2. Threat to established Power relationships
3. Threat to expertise
4. Group ineria
5. Limited focus of change
6. Structural inertia

Question 6

What are the types of resistance to change?

Answer 6

Overt, implicit, immediate, or deferred resistance. (Slide 8)

Question 7

What is implicit resistance?

Answer 7

Subtle reactions like increased absenteeism, reduced loyalty or motivation. (Slide 8)

Question 8

What are the main sources of resistance?

Answer 8

Organizational structure, culture, personal insecurity, and loss of status. (Slide 9)

Question 9

What are strategies to overcome resistance?

Answer 9

Education, communication, participation, building commitment, fairness, and role allocation. (Slide 10)

Question 10

What does ‘cooptation’ mean in change management?

Answer 10

Giving key roles to resistors to gain their support. (Slide 10)

Question 11

What is the political aspect of change?

Answer 11

Change disrupts status quo, threatening power structures, thus becoming political. (Slide 11)

Question 12

What does Lewin’s Three-Step Model include?

Answer 12

Unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. (Slide 12 with diagram)

Question 13

What is ‘unfreezing’ in Lewin’s model?

Answer 13

Motivating individuals to change by challenging the current state. (Slide 12)

Question 14

What is ‘refreezing’ in Lewin’s model?

Answer 14

Stabilizing the new behavior after the change has been implemented. (Slide 12)

Question 15

What is Kotter’s Eight-Step Plan used for?

Answer 15

Guiding change implementation by addressing common leadership mistakes. (Slide 13)

Question 16

What is ‘Action Research’?

Answer 16

Change process based on data collection, analysis, and action planning. (Slide 14)

Question 17

What are the 5 steps of Action Research?

Answer 17

Diagnosis, Analysis, Feedback, Action, Evaluation. (Slide 14)

Question 18

What is ‘Organizational Development (OD)’?

Answer 18

Planned change focused on humanistic values and improving well-being. (Slide 15)

Question 19

What is ‘Sensitivity Training’?

Answer 19

An OD technique where participants learn by observing and participating to improve awareness. (Slide 16)

Question 20

What is ‘Appreciative Inquiry’ (AI)?

Answer 20

Focuses on identifying and building on organizational strengths. (Slide 16)

Question 21

What are the 4 steps of Appreciative Inquiry?

Answer 21

Discovery, Dreaming, Design, Destiny. (Slide 16)

Question 22

What is workplace stress?

Answer 22

The harmful emotional and physical response to job demands not aligned with one’s capacity. (Slide 19)

Question 23

What causes job stress?

Answer 23

Heavy workload, poor communication, insecurity, conflicting roles, toxic environment. (Slide 20)

Question 24

What are environmental stressors?

Answer 24

Crowding, noise, air pollution, and poor ergonomics. (Slide 20)

Question 25

What are the potential consequences of stress?

Answer 25

Burnout, absenteeism, poor performance, low morale. (Slide 21)

Question 26

What are individual strategies to manage stress?

Answer 26

Exercise, relaxation, time management, support networks, cognitive restructuring. (Slide 23)

Question 27

What are organizational strategies to manage stress?

Answer 27

Training, job redesign, communication, wellness programs, sabbaticals. (Slide 22)

Question 28

What is the manager’s role in stress management?

Answer 28

Identifying early signs, offering support, matching roles with capabilities. (Slide 24)

Question 29

What are 'hindrance stressors'?

Answer 29

Negative stressors like bureaucracy and interpersonal conflict that hinder performance. (Slide 24)

Question 30

Why do many change initiatives fail?

Answer 30

Due to unaddressed resistance, lack of planning, or poor communication by leaders. (Slides 8, 10, 11)