CH13Vocabulary

Question 1

Albumin

Answer 1

Major protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

Question 2

Antibody (Ab)

Answer 2

Specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it

Question 3

Antigen

Answer 3

Foreign substance or toxin that stimulates the production of an antibody

Question 4

Basophil

Answer 4

White blood cell containing granules that stain blue (with basic dyes) associated with release of histamine and heparin

Question 5

Bilirubin

Answer 5

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

Question 6

Coagulation

Answer 6

Blood clotting

Question 7

Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

Answer 7

Protein factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of developing blood cells. Examples are granulocyte CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombophlebitis

Question 8

Differentiation

Answer 8

Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

Question 9

Electrophoresis

Answer 9

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge and size

Question 10

Eosinophil

Answer 10

White blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions

Question 11

Erythroblast

Answer 11

Immature red blood cell

Question 12

Erythrocyte

Answer 12

Red blood cell. 5 million/microliter of blood

Question 13

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 13

Hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation

Question 14

Fibrin

Answer 14

Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

Question 15

Fibrinogen

Answer 15

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

Question 16

Globulin

Answer 16

Plasma protein; alpha, beta and gamma (immune) globulins are examples

Question 17

Granulocyte

Answer 17

White blood cell with cytoplasmic granules; eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

Question 18

Hematopoietic stem cell

Answer 18

Cell in bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

Question 19

Hemoglobin

Answer 19

Blood protein containing iron. Carries oxygen in red blood cells.

Question 20

Heparin

Answer 20

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

Question 21

Immune reaction

Answer 21

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion

Question 22

Immunoglobulin

Answer 22

Protein (a globulin). With antibody activity; examples: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD.

Question 23

Leukocyte

Answer 23

White blood cell

Question 24

Lymphocyte

Answer 24

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies to fight disease

Question 25

Megakaryocyte

Answer 25

Large platelet precursor cell found in bone marrow

Question 26

Mononuclear

Answer 26

Pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes

Question 27

Myleoblast

Answer 27

Immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocyte

Question 28

Neutrophil

Answer 28

Granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. A phagocytic tissue fighting cell Polymorphonuclear leukocyte

Question 29

Plasma

Answer 29

Liquid portion of blood, containing water, proteins, salts, nutrients, wastes, lipids, hormones and vitamins

Question 30

Plasmapheresis

Answer 30

Removal of plasma from with drawn blood. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor. Fresh frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma

Question 31

Platelet

Answer 31

Small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

Question 32

Polymorphonuclear

Answer 32

Pertaining to a white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus; neutrophil

Question 33

Prothrombin

Answer 33

Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

Question 34

Reticulocyte

Answer 34

Immature erythrocyte. A network (reticulum) of strands is seen after staining the cell with special dyes.

Question 35

Rh factor

Answer 35

Antigen on red blood cells of Rh positive individuals.

Question 36

Serum

Answer 36

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. Formed from plasma but does not contain protein-coagulation factors

Question 37

Stem cell

Answer 37

Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. Hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells

Question 38

Thrombin

Answer 38

Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

Question 39

Thrombocyte

Answer 39

Platelet