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Medical Terminology > CH5Terms > Flashcards

CH5Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

absorption

A

passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

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2
Q

amino acids

A

small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested

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3
Q

amylase

A

enzyme (-ase) secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch (amyl/o)

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4
Q

anus

A

Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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5
Q

appendix

A

blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the RLQ) It literally means hanging (pend/o) onto (ap- which is a form of ad-)

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6
Q

bile

A

Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbaldder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules. Bile originally was called gall. ( Latin bilis, meaning gall or anger) probably because it has a bitter taste. It is composed of bile pigments (colored materials), cholesterol, and bile salts

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7
Q

bilirubin

A

Pigment released by the liver in bile

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8
Q

bowel

A

Intestine

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9
Q

canine teeth

A

pointed dog-like teeth (canine means pertaining to dog) next to the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth

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10
Q

cecum

A

first part of the large intestine

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11
Q

colon

A

portion of the large intestine consisiting of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid segments.

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12
Q

common bile duct

A

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called choledochus

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13
Q

defacation

A

elimination of feces from the digestiv etract through the anus

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14
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing de-glu-TISH-un

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15
Q

dentin

A

primary material found in teeth. covered by enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root

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16
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of complex foods into simpler forms

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17
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine, Duo-2, den-10, it measures 12 inches long

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18
Q

elimination

A

removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal on indigestible materials as feces

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19
Q

emulsification

A

breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules. This increases the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.

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20
Q

enamel

A

hard, outmost layer of a tooth

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21
Q

enzyme

A

chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances. Enzymes are given names that end in -ase

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22
Q

esophagus

A

tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso- means inward; phag/o means swallowing

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23
Q

fatty acids

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A

substances produced when fats are digested

24
Q

feces

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A

solid waste; stool. The term fecal means pertaining to feces

25
gallbladder
small sac under the liver; stores bile. it is one word!
26
glucose
simple sugar
27
glycogen
starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the liver cells
28
hyrochloric acid
substance (strong acid) produced in the stomach; aids digestion
29
ileum
third part of the small intestine. Greek eilos, meaning twisted. when the abdomen was viewed at autopsy, the intestine appeared twisted, and the ileum often was an area of obstruction
30
jejunum
second part of the small intestine. Latin jejunus means empty. This part of the body was always empty when examined after death
31
lipase
pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fat
32
liver
large organ located in the RUQ. it secretes bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; and filters out toxins. The normal adult liver weighs about 2.5 - 3 lbs
33
lower esophageal sphincter
ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called the cardiac sphincter.
34
mastication
chewing
35
molar teeth
3 large flat teeth at the bac of the mouth, on either side of the dental arch. premolar teeth are 2 teeth before the molars
36
palate
roof the the mouth. The hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla) The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat
37
pancreas
organ behind the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods.)
38
papillae
small projections on the tongue. taste buds (taste receptor cells) are located within the papillae
39
parotid gland
salivary gland with in the cheeck, just anterior to the ear. par-near ot/o-ear
40
peristalsis
rhythmic contractions of tubular organs. peri-surrounding, stalsis-constriction
41
pharynx
throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose
42
portal vein
large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
43
protease
enzyme tht digests protein
44
pulp
soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.
45
pyloric sphinctor
ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum. greek pyloris-gatekeeper. it is normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it
46
pylorus
distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
47
rectum
last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus
48
rugae
ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.
49
saliva
digestive juice produced by salivary glands. Salive contains the enzyme amylase, which begins the digestion of starch to sugar
50
salivary glands
parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
51
sigmoid colon
lower, s-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum empties into the rectum
52
sphincter
circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
53
stomach
muscular organ tha receives food from the esophagus. The stomach's parts are fundus - proximal section body - middle section antrum - distal section
54
triglycerides
fat molecules composed of 3 parts fatty acids and 1 part glycerol. Triglycerides (fats) are a subgroup of lipids. another type of lipid is cholesterol
55
villi (singular-villus)
miscroscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the blood stream

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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