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Medical Terminology > CH2terms > Flashcards

CH2terms Flashcards

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1
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.
Ana- up / bol to cast / -ism a process

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2
Q

catabolism

A

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. This process occurs in mitochondria.
Cata- down / bol to cast /
-ism to cast

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3
Q

cell membrane

A

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

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4
Q

chromosomes

A

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except egg and sperm-these only have 23 unpaired.

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5
Q

cytoplasm

A

all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained with in the cell membrane.

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6
Q

DNA

A

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a squence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.

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7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

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8
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosome.

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9
Q

karyotype

A

Picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure

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10
Q

metabolism

A

total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. Meta- change/ bol to cast/ -ism a process

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11
Q

mitochondria

A

Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy(mini “power plants”) for the cell.

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12
Q

nucleus

A

control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

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13
Q

adipose tissue

A

collection of fat cells

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14
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue often attached to bones and joints. Cartilage forms part of the external ear and the nose. Rings of cartilage surround the trachea

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15
Q

epithelial cells

A

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.

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16
Q

histologist

A

specialist in the study of tissues

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17
Q

larynx

A

voice box; located above the trachea

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18
Q

pharynx

A

throat. serves as the common passsageway for food (mouth to esophagus) and air (nose to trachea)

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19
Q

pituitary gland

A

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.

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20
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck.

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21
Q

trachea

A

windpipe (tube from throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes.)

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22
Q

ureter

A

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

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23
Q

urethra

A

tube from the uriniary bladder to the outside of the body.

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24
Q

uterus

A

womb; organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

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25
viscera
internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially the abdomen.
26
abdominal cavity
space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen or peritoneal cavity
27
cranial cavity
space in the head containing the brain and sirrounded by the skull. Cranial means pertaining to the skull
28
diaphragm
muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. the diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing.
29
dorsal (posterior)
pertaining to the back
30
mediastinum
centrally located space outside of and in between the lungs.
31
pelvic cavity
space below the abdomen containing portions of teh intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. Pelvic means pertaining to the pelvis-the hip bones surrounding the pelvic cavity
32
peritoneum
double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane (containing blood vessels and nerves) around the organs.
33
pleura
double folded membrane surrounding each lung. Pleural means pertaining to the pleura
34
pleural cavity
space between the pleural layers
35
spinal cavity
space within the spinal column
36
thoracic cavity
space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs
37
ventral (anterior)
pertaining to the front
38
vertebra
single backbone
39
vertebrae
Backbones
40
spinal column
bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
41
spinal cord
nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
42
disc
pad of cartilage between vertebrae
43
anterior (ventral)
front surface of the body
44
deep
away from the surface
45
distal
far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
46
front (coronal) plane
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
47
inferior
below another structure; pertaining to the lower portion of the body
48
lateral
pertaining to the side
49
medial
pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body
50
posterior (dorsal)
back surface of the body
51
prone
lying on the belly (face down, palms down)
52
proximal
near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
53
sagittal (lateral) plane
lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. The midsagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves
54
superficial
on the surface
55
superior (cephalic)
above another structure; pertaining to the head
56
supine
lying on the back, face up palms up
57
transverse (axial) plane
horizontal (cross sectional) plane dividding the body into upper and lower portions
58
abdomen
space in the body below the chest containing the liver, stomach, gallbladder and intestines
59
cervical
Neck region C1-C7
60
chondroma
Tumor of cartilage; benign
61
chondrosarcoma
Malignant tumor of cartilage
62
coccygeal
Pertaining to the tailbone/coccyx
63
coccyx
Tailbone
64
craniotomy
Incision of the skull
65
epigastric region
Middle upper abdominal pelvic region (above the stomach)
66
epinephrine
Hormone secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress and physical injury
67
hypochondriac regions
R and L upper abdominopelvic regions, beneath the ribs
68
hypogastric region
Middle lower abdominopelvic region, below the umbilical region
69
iliac
Pertaining to the ilium, R or L upper most portion of the hip bone
70
inguinal region
R and L lower abdominopelvic regions, near the groin
71
intervertebral
Pertaining to between the vertebrae
72
intravenous
Within a vein
73
laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx (voice box)
74
lumbar regions
R and L middle abdominopelvic regions near the waist
75
lumbar spine
Pertaining to the lower back L1-L5
76
lumbosacral
Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back
77
nucleic
Pertaining to the nucleus
78
pharyngeal
Pertaining to the pharynx (throat)
79
sacral
Pertaining to the sacrum
80
sacrum
Large triangular bone of the back
81
sarcoma
Malignant tumor of flesh tissue such as bone, muscle, fat or cartilage
82
thoracotomy
Incision of the chest
83
tracheal
Pertaining to the trachea
84
uterus
Female organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops
85
vertebral
Pertaining to the backbones
86
visceral
Pertaining to internal organs

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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