Ch.18- Stroke & Ch.19-seizures Flashcards
(30 cards)
Stroke Pt’s must be delivered where and must be transported withing how many hours from the time it started?
-transported to an ER with a CT scanner within 3 hours per (NR) & 6 hours within (SD County)
Stroke also known as?
Cerebrovascular incident (CVA)
Stroke pathology
- Inadequate amount of blood being delivered to a portion of the brain due blood clots or hemorrhaging.
- If the stroke is in the right side of the brain, you will see the Symptoms on the left side of the body, and vice versa.
Ischemic stroke
- when a cerebral artery is blocked
- Thrombus (clot) forms in artery and is the most common.
- Embolus is clot that traveled from another part of the body and lodges in cerebral artery, faster onset.
Hemorrhagic stroke
- Rupture of an artery or a burst aneurysm
- Usually very sudden onset
- described as “Worst headache ever”
TIA
- Transient ischemic attack
- same S/Sx as CVA
- Symptoms resolve usually 1-2 hours
Difference between CVA vs. TIA
CVA:
- Symptoms do not resolve
- Symptoms worsen
TIA:
- Symptoms resolve
- Symptoms will not worsen
- Resolve under 24hours, usually 1-2hours
What do we test for Cincinnati Stroke Scale?
- Slurred speech
- facial droop
- arm drift
Stroke S/Sx
-slurred speech/difficulty speaking
-facial droop
-paralysis or weakness to one side of the body,
Same side as droop
-Headache
What is the most important question to ask if pt is suspected of having a stroke?
- When was the last time this person was last seen NORMAL?
- Make sure to use actual time!!
Rx for stroke
- monitor ABCs
- be prepared for suction
- if O2 sat is less than 94% or ABC issue give O2
- Check blood sugar level
- (POC) Position of comfort
- Rapid transport to stroke center
What is a seizure?
A sudden temporary alteration in brain function caused by massive, continuing electrical discharges in the brain.
Primary/Unprovoked seizure
- Genetic in nature
- Epilepsy
- generalized seizure (whole brain)
- partial seizure (part of the brain)
Secondary/Provoked seizure
- Reactive/symptomatic
- Usually a trauma or an outside forced caused for this seizure to happen.
Status Epilepticus
-Generalized seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes or recurrent seizures without lucid interval
Generalized seizure
-Formerly known as Grand Mal seizures
-Has 4 stages
•Aura- what the person feel when they’re about to have a seizure
•Tonic- stiffening of the muscles
•Clonic- Vulsating
•Postictal state- recovery phase
Absence seizure
- Petite Mal
- Blank stare, unaware of surroundings
- Last a few seconds
Febrile Seizure
-Caused by high fever
•Rapid spike of fever
-Usually only happen in kids 6 months to 6 years old
Simple Partial Seizures
- Seizure to just one part of the body
- Patient generally stays awake
- Be CAUTIOUS, this can be spread into a generalized seizure
Complex partial seizure
-Same as a simple partial, but the pt is not aware of their surroundings.
What should you do if Pt is having a seizure?
- Protect Pt and let the seizure happen
- O2 is not needed unless pt has been seizing for more than 5min or turning cyanotic
What should you do during postictal state?
- ABCs/O2
- Use caution
Rx for Seizures
- Ensure airway
- Let it happen
- prevent injury to pt
- Make sure nothing is in their mouth that can block airway
Rx for status epilepticus
-NPA- BVM
