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EMT > Ch.22 Toxicologic Emergencies > Flashcards

Ch.22 Toxicologic Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Poison

A

Any substance that impairs health or causes death by its chemical action when it enters the body or comes in contact with skin.

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2
Q

Toxicology

A

The study of toxins, antidotes, and the effects of toxins on the body.

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3
Q

Antidotes

A

A substance that will neutralize the effects of a poison.

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4
Q

Antidote for narcotic OD

A

Naloxone

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5
Q

Rx for Carbon Monoxide

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

Rx for pesticide/nerve gas

A
  • Atropine

- 2 Pam

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7
Q

Ingestion

A

-A drug or substance swallowed
•Absorbed into the GI tract
-Most common type of poisoning

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8
Q

Commonly ingested poisons

A
  • Prescribed Meds
  • Over-The-Counter meds
  • Illegal drugs
  • Household products and cleaning agents
  • Insecticides and Poisons
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9
Q

S/Sx of poisoning

A
  • Swelling or burns around the mouth ( especially with corrosive poisons like rat poisons, drain cleaners)
  • Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea
  • Altered mental status
  • Abdominal Pain
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10
Q

Names brands of activated charcoal

A
  • Actidose

- Actidose Aqua

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11
Q

Indications to use activated charcoal

A
  • Ingested poisons

- Within one hour of ingestion

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12
Q

Contraindications for activated charcoal

A
  • Altered mental status
  • Acids of alkalis
  • Cyanide
  • Unable to swallow
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13
Q

Doseage for activated charcoal

A
  • 1 gram/kg
  • Adults 30-100g
  • Children 12.5-25g
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14
Q

What does activated charcoal do?

A

Absorbs poisons in the stomach, preventing absorption into the bloodstream.

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15
Q

Activated charcoal Side effects

A
  • Black stools
  • Vomiting
  • if pt vomits repeat dose*
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16
Q

Inhalation

A
  • Breathing in a poison

- Rapid absorption through the lungs

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17
Q

Inhalation of poison can be …?

A
  • Accidental
  • illicit
  • suicide
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18
Q

Common accidental inhalations

A
  • Carbon Monoxide
  • Chlorine
  • Ammonia
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19
Q

Common abused inhalations

A
  • Paints
  • Gas propellants
  • Nitrous Oxide
  • Nitrogen & Helium
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20
Q

Inhalation S/Sx

A
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Chest Pain
  • Airway and Respiratory sounds (Stridor, Hoarseness, Coughing, Wheezing, Crackles)
  • Neuro issues (Dizzy, Headache, ALOC, Seizures)
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21
Q

Injection

A

Injected under the skin, into a muscle, or directly into a blood stream.

22
Q

Common injected poisons

A
  • Bee stings
  • Spider Bites
  • Snake Bites
  • Illicit drugs
23
Q

Injection S/Sx

A
  • Injection site swelling
  • Euphoria
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Weakness/Fever/Chills
24
Q

Absorption

A
  • Enter the body through skin or mucous membrane contact

- Plant or chemicals

25
Q

Absorption S/Sx

A
  • Liquid or powders on Pt’s skin
  • Burns
  • itching/redness/swelling
  • Rashes
  • Oozing blisters
26
Q

Food poisoning

A
  • Ingestion of food that contains bacteria or toxins

- Salmonella, E.coli

27
Q

Food poisoning S/Sx

A
  • Hours to days after ingestion
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Nausea/ Vomiting
  • Gas
  • Explosive Diarrhea
28
Q

Carbon Monoxide poisoning

A
  • Tasteless, colorless, odorless gas

- Caused by incomplete combustion

29
Q

Main causes of CO poisoning

A
  • Furnaces/ wood stoves
  • Anything with a pilot light (water heaters, gas cooking stoves)
  • Car exhaust (Common suicide cause)
30
Q

Carbon monoxide S/Sx

A
  • Headache
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Confusion
  • Late sign- cherry red skin!
31
Q

Terminology we use for pesticide exposure

A
  • Salivation
  • Lacrimation
  • Urination
  • Defecation
  • GI Upset
  • Emesis
  • Miosis
32
Q

Drug Abuse

A

Self administration of drugs in a manner not approved by medical or social patterns.

33
Q

Overdose

A

Poisoning with drugs or alcohol

34
Q

Withdrawal

A

Period of abstinence from a drug to which the body has become accustomed.

35
Q

Alcohol withdrawals facts

A
  • Tend to happen to people who have been heavy drinkers for long periods of time
  • Brain accustomed to depressant effects of alcohol
  • No person will detox the same
36
Q

Alcohol withdrawal stage 1

A
  • within 8 hours from last drink
  • Nausea
  • Insomnia
  • Sweating
  • Tremors
37
Q

Alcohol withdrawal stage 2

A
  • 8-72 hours since last drink
  • worsening symptoms
  • Hallucinations
38
Q

Alcohol withdrawal stage 3

A
  • 48 hours once last drink

- Major Seizures

39
Q

Alcohol withdrawal stage 4

A
  • Delirium Tremens
  • 1-14 days since last drink
  • Can last 3 days
40
Q

Narcotics/Opioids

A
  • Depressants derived from opium
  • Heroin
  • Vicodin
  • OxyContin
  • Percocet
  • Codeine
41
Q

Narcotics/Opioids S/Sx

A
  • Respiratory depression or arrest
  • Pinpoint pupils
  • Hypotension
42
Q

Indication to use Naloxone

A

Suspected opioid intoxication with respiratory depression

43
Q

Contraindications for naloxone

A

Known hypersensitivity

44
Q

Doseage for naloxone

A

Intranasal 2mg, 1mg in each nostril

45
Q

Naloxone actions

A
  • Opioid antagonist

- Binds to opioid receptors to reverse respiratory depression

46
Q

Naloxone side effects

A

Acute withdrawal

47
Q

Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants

A
  • Excites the Central Nervous System
  • Cocaine
  • Crystal meth
  • Crack
  • Ecstasy/MDMA
  • Diet pills
48
Q

S/Sx CNS stimulants

A
  • Excitability
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Dilated pupils
49
Q

CNS Depressants

A

-Depress the CNS
-Alcohol
-Benzodiazepines
•Xanax
•Ativan
•Valium

50
Q

CNS Depressants S/Sx

A
  • Euphoria
  • Drowsy
  • Dilated Pupils
  • Sluggish Pupils
  • Bradypnea
51
Q

Hallucinogens

A
  • Cause hallucinations, psychedelic drugs
  • LSD
  • PCP
  • Mushrooms
  • Bath Salts
  • MDMA
  • Ketamine
52
Q

S/Sx hallucinogens

A
  • Paranoia
  • Anxiety
  • Hallucinations
  • Tachycardia
  • Dilated pupils

EMT (26 decks)

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