- Swelling or burns around the mouth ( especially with corrosive poisons like rat poisons, drain cleaners) - Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea - Altered mental status - Abdominal Pain

- Breathing in a poison - Rapid absorption through the lungs

- Difficulty breathing - Chest Pain - Airway and Respiratory sounds (Stridor, Hoarseness, Coughing, Wheezing, Crackles) - Neuro issues (Dizzy, Headache, ALOC, Seizures)

Ch.22 Toxicologic Emergencies Flashcards by Jazper Jacob

Poison

Any substance that impairs health or causes death by its chemical action when it enters the body or comes in contact with skin.

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Toxicology

The study of toxins, antidotes, and the effects of toxins on the body.

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Antidotes

A substance that will neutralize the effects of a poison.

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Antidote for narcotic OD

Naloxone

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Rx for Carbon Monoxide

Oxygen

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Rx for pesticide/nerve gas

Atropine

- 2 Pam

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Ingestion

-A drug or substance swallowed
•Absorbed into the GI tract
-Most common type of poisoning

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Commonly ingested poisons

Prescribed Meds
Over-The-Counter meds
Illegal drugs
Household products and cleaning agents
Insecticides and Poisons

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S/Sx of poisoning

Swelling or burns around the mouth ( especially with corrosive poisons like rat poisons, drain cleaners)
Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea
Altered mental status
Abdominal Pain

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Names brands of activated charcoal

Actidose

- Actidose Aqua

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Indications to use activated charcoal

Ingested poisons

- Within one hour of ingestion

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Contraindications for activated charcoal

Altered mental status
Acids of alkalis
Cyanide
Unable to swallow

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Doseage for activated charcoal

1 gram/kg
Adults 30-100g
Children 12.5-25g

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What does activated charcoal do?

Absorbs poisons in the stomach, preventing absorption into the bloodstream.

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Activated charcoal Side effects

Black stools
Vomiting
if pt vomits repeat dose*

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Inhalation

Breathing in a poison

- Rapid absorption through the lungs

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Inhalation of poison can be …?

Accidental
illicit
suicide

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Common accidental inhalations

Carbon Monoxide
Chlorine
Ammonia

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Common abused inhalations

Paints
Gas propellants
Nitrous Oxide
Nitrogen & Helium

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Inhalation S/Sx

Difficulty breathing
Chest Pain
Airway and Respiratory sounds (Stridor, Hoarseness, Coughing, Wheezing, Crackles)
Neuro issues (Dizzy, Headache, ALOC, Seizures)

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Injection

Injected under the skin, into a muscle, or directly into a blood stream.

Common injected poisons

Bee stings
Spider Bites
Snake Bites
Illicit drugs

Injection S/Sx

Injection site swelling
Euphoria
Nausea/Vomiting
Weakness/Fever/Chills

Absorption

Enter the body through skin or mucous membrane contact

- Plant or chemicals

Absorption S/Sx

- Liquid or powders on Pt’s skin - Burns - itching/redness/swelling - Rashes - Oozing blisters

Food poisoning

- Ingestion of food that contains bacteria or toxins | - Salmonella, E.coli

Food poisoning S/Sx

- Hours to days after ingestion - Abdominal Pain - Nausea/ Vomiting - Gas - Explosive Diarrhea

Carbon Monoxide poisoning

- Tasteless, colorless, odorless gas | - Caused by incomplete combustion

Main causes of CO poisoning

- Furnaces/ wood stoves - Anything with a pilot light (water heaters, gas cooking stoves) - Car exhaust (Common suicide cause)

Carbon monoxide S/Sx

- Headache - Nausea/Vomiting - Confusion - Late sign- cherry red skin!

Terminology we use for pesticide exposure

- Salivation - Lacrimation - Urination - Defecation - GI Upset - Emesis - Miosis

Drug Abuse

Self administration of drugs in a manner not approved by medical or social patterns.

Overdose

Poisoning with drugs or alcohol

Withdrawal

Period of abstinence from a drug to which the body has become accustomed.

Alcohol withdrawals facts

- Tend to happen to people who have been heavy drinkers for long periods of time - Brain accustomed to depressant effects of alcohol - No person will detox the same

Alcohol withdrawal stage 1

- within 8 hours from last drink - Nausea - Insomnia - Sweating - Tremors

Alcohol withdrawal stage 2

- 8-72 hours since last drink - worsening symptoms - Hallucinations

Alcohol withdrawal stage 3

- 48 hours once last drink | - Major Seizures

Alcohol withdrawal stage 4

- Delirium Tremens - 1-14 days since last drink - Can last 3 days

Narcotics/Opioids

- Depressants derived from opium - Heroin - Vicodin - OxyContin - Percocet - Codeine

Narcotics/Opioids S/Sx

- Respiratory depression or arrest - Pinpoint pupils - Hypotension

Indication to use Naloxone

Suspected opioid intoxication with respiratory depression

Contraindications for naloxone

Known hypersensitivity

Doseage for naloxone

Intranasal 2mg, 1mg in each nostril

Naloxone actions

- Opioid antagonist | - Binds to opioid receptors to reverse respiratory depression

Naloxone side effects

Acute withdrawal

Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants

- Excites the Central Nervous System - Cocaine - Crystal meth - Crack - Ecstasy/MDMA - Diet pills

S/Sx CNS stimulants

- Excitability - Tachycardia - Hypertension - Dilated pupils

CNS Depressants

-Depress the CNS -Alcohol -Benzodiazepines •Xanax •Ativan •Valium

CNS Depressants S/Sx

- Euphoria - Drowsy - Dilated Pupils - Sluggish Pupils - Bradypnea

Hallucinogens

- Cause hallucinations, psychedelic drugs - LSD - PCP - Mushrooms - Bath Salts - MDMA - Ketamine

S/Sx hallucinogens

- Paranoia - Anxiety - Hallucinations - Tachycardia - Dilated pupils