CH19 Current Oral Epidemiological Findings

Question 1

The number of all existing cases of a disease in a population measured at a given point is called ________.

A) Incidence

B) Prevalence

C) Morbidity

D) Mortality

E) None of the above

Answer 1

B) Prevalence

Question 2

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a given period of time is called ________.

A) Incidence

B) Prevalence

C) Morbidity

D) Mortality

E) All of the above

Answer 2

A) Incidence

Question 3

In the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), how many adults were found to have gingivitis?

A) 20%

B) 50%

C) 70%

D) 75%

E) None of the above

Answer 3

B) 50%

Question 4

Overall, the prevalence of both partial and total tooth loss in adults has ________.

A) Increased

B) Decreased

C) Stayed the same

D) Doubled in numbers

E) None of the above

Answer 4

B) Decreased

Question 5

Periodontal disease is caused by convergence of bacteria and an aggressive ________.

A) Toothbrushing technique

B) Flossing technique

C) Immune response

D) Both A and B

E) None of the above

Answer 5

C) Immune response

Question 6

The host response is important in severe periodontitis.

True

False

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Significant health disparities exist in different ethnic groups.

True

False

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Dental caries is the most common of all diseases.

True

False

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Bacterial plaque converts all foods, especially sugar, into acid.

True

False

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Root caries are most common in teenagers.

True

False

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Best area for dental sealant placement.

A) Dental sealants

B) Candidiasis

C) Teenagers

D) Oral cancer

E) Herpes simplex virus

F) Systemic diseases

G) Epidemiology

H) Community water fluoridation

I) Adults

J) Gingivitis

K) Posterior teeth

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

M) Anterior teeth

N) Cleft lip/palate

O) Dental caries

P) Endemic

Answer 11

K) Posterior teeth

Question 12

Approximately 75% of this disease is attributed to smoking or smokeless tobacco

A) Dental sealants

B) Candidiasis

C) Teenagers

D) Oral cancer

E) Herpes simplex virus

F) Systemic diseases

G) Epidemiology

H) Community water fluoridation

I) Adults

J) Gingivitis

K) Posterior teeth

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

M) Anterior teeth

N) Cleft lip/palate

O) Dental caries

P) Endemic

Answer 12

D) Oral cancer

Question 13

Often referred to as a cold sore

A) Dental sealants.

B) Candidiasis

C) Teenagers

D) Oral cancer

E) Herpes simplex virus

F) Systemic diseases

G) Epidemiology

H) Community water fluoridation

I) Adults

J) Gingivitis

K) Posterior teeth

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

M) Anterior teeth

N) Cleft lip/palate

O) Dental caries

P) Endemic

Answer 13

E) Herpes simplex virus

Question 14

Often referred to as a canker sore.

A) Dental sealants

B) Candidiasis

C) Teenagers

D) Oral cancer

E) Herpes simplex virus

F) Systemic diseases

G) Epidemiology

H) Community water fluoridation

I) Adults

J) Gingivitis

K) Posterior teeth

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

M) Anterior teeth

N) Cleft lip/palate

O) Dental caries

P) Endemic

Answer 14

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

Question 15

A type of congenital deformity caused by abnormal facial development during gestation.

A) Dental sealants

B) Candidiasis

C) Teenagers

D) Oral cancer

E) Herpes simplex virus

F) Systemic diseases

G) Epidemiology

H) Community water fluoridation

I) Adults

J) Gingivitis

K) Posterior teeth

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

M) Anterior teeth

N) Cleft lip/palate

O) Dental caries

P) Endemic

Answer 15

N) Cleft lip/palate

Question 16

Certain local and systemic factors may favor this overgrowth condition.

A) Dental sealants

B) Candidiasis

C) Teenagers

D) Oral cancer

E) Herpes simplex virus

F) Systemic diseases

G) Epidemiology

H) Community water fluoridation

I) Adults

J) Gingivitis

K) Posterior teeth

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

M) Anterior teeth

N) Cleft lip/palate

O) Dental caries

P) Endemic

Answer 16

B) Candidiasis

Question 17

Where the majority of tooth trauma occurs.

A) Dental sealants

B) Candidiasis

C) Teenagers

D) Oral cancer

E) Herpes simplex virus

F) Systemic diseases

G) Epidemiology

H) Community water fluoridation

I) Adults

J) Gingivitis

K) Posterior teeth

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

M) Anterior teeth

N) Cleft lip/palate

O) Dental caries

P) Endemic

Answer 17

M) Anterior teeth

Question 18

Causes toothache pain.

A) Dental sealants

B) Candidiasis

C) Teenagers

D) Oral cancer

E) Herpes simplex virus

F) Systemic diseases

G) Epidemiology

H) Community water fluoridation

I) Adults

J) Gingivitis

K) Posterior teeth

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

M) Anterior teeth

N) Cleft lip/palate

O) Dental caries

P) Endemic

Answer 18

O) Dental caries

Question 19

Associated with oral diseases.

A) Dental sealants

B) Candidiasis

C) Teenagers

D) Oral cancer

E) Herpes simplex virus

F) Systemic diseases

G) Epidemiology

H) Community water fluoridation

I) Adults

J) Gingivitis

K) Posterior teeth

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

M) Anterior teeth

N) Cleft lip/palate

O) Dental caries

P) Endemic

Answer 19

F) Systemic diseases

Question 20

Prevent dental caries on pit and fissure surfaces.

A) Dental sealants

B) Candidiasis

C) Teenagers

D) Oral cancer

E) Herpes simplex virus

F) Systemic diseases

G) Epidemiology

H) Community water fluoridation

I) Adults

J) Gingivitis

K) Posterior teeth

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

M) Anterior teeth

N) Cleft lip/palate

O) Dental caries

P) Endemic

Answer 20

A) Dental sealants

Question 21

Prevents dental caries systemically and topically.

A) Dental sealants

B) Candidiasis

C) Teenagers

D) Oral cancer

E) Herpes simplex virus

F) Systemic diseases

G) Epidemiology

H) Community water fluoridation

I) Adults

J) Gingivitis

K) Posterior teeth

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

M) Anterior teeth

N) Cleft lip/palate

O) Dental caries

P) Endemic

Answer 21

H) Community water fluoridation

Question 22

Occurs in over 50% of adults

A) Dental sealants

B) Candidiasis

C) Teenagers

D) Oral cancer

E) Herpes simplex virus

F) Systemic diseases

G) Epidemiology

H) Community water fluoridation

I) Adults

J) Gingivitis

K) Posterior teeth

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

M) Anterior teeth

N) Cleft lip/palate

O) Dental caries

P) Endemic

Answer 22

J) Gingivitis

Question 23

White patchy autoimmune disease, is infection

Answer 23

Lichen planus

*******

Question 24

Study of disease in a population

A) Dental sealants

B) Candidiasis

C) Teenagers

D) Oral cancer

E) Herpes simplex virus

F) Systemic diseases

G) Epidemiology

H) Community water fluoridation

I) Adults

J) Gingivitis

K) Posterior teeth

L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer

M) Anterior teeth

N) Cleft lip/palate

O) Dental caries

P) Endemic

Answer 24

G) Epidemiology

Question 25

Affected by root caries. A) Dental sealants B) Candidiasis C) Teenagers D) Oral cancer E) Herpes simplex virus F) Systemic diseases G) Epidemiology H) Community water fluoridation I) Adults J) Gingivitis K) Posterior teeth L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer M) Anterior teeth N) Cleft lip/palate O) Dental caries P) Endemic

Answer 25

I) Adults

Question 26

Most prevalent disease in children and adults. A) Dental sealants B) Candidiasis C) Teenagers D) Oral cancer E) Herpes simplex virus F) Systemic diseases G) Epidemiology H) Community water fluoridation I) Adults J) Gingivitis K) Posterior teeth L) Recurrent aphthous ulcer M) Anterior teeth N) Cleft lip/palate O) Dental caries P) Endemic

Answer 26

O) Dental caries

Question 27

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ involves progressive loss of the gingival tissues and alveolar bone around the teeth leading to tooth loss and mobility. This disease is caused by a convergence of bacteria and an ___________ to these bacteria.

Answer 27

Periodontal diseases; aggressive immunologic response

Question 28

Smoking, SES, genetic predisposition, psychological stress, diabetes, uncommon systemic diseases are all _________ risk factors.

Answer 28

periodontal disease

Question 29

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ over a period of years is the strongest predictor of future periodontal disease activity. (this is why we CPC EVERY YEAR)

Answer 29

Increase in probing depth

Question 30

Dental caries is the ______ most common of ALL diseases (the first is the common cold). It typically occurs in children and young adults when bacterial plaque converts all food into acid, subsequently dissolving tooth structure. Early caries begins as ______ and progresses to a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

second; demineraliztion; carious lesion

Question 31

The teeth most susceptible to risk factors for dental caries are ALL molars (high incidence) however, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, are (attacked first). There is a _____ incidence in pits and fissures

Answer 31

mandibular molars; higher

Question 32

What is shown in this picture?

Answer 32

Leukoplakia of the cheek (buccal mucosa) in a smoker. The biopsy showed dysplasia and within 3 years this area became cancerous (squamous cell carcinoma)

Question 33

•The three most common areas oral cancer is seen in are the \_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 33

lips, oral cavity, oropharynx

Question 34

In the U.S, the most common areas for oral cancer are the _____ and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 34

tongue and floor of the mouth

Question 35

What are these things: 1. Candidiasis: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. Recurrent herpes labialis: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. Aphthous stomatitis: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. Mucocele: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 5. Fibroma: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 6. Tori 7. Pyogenic granuloma (on interdental papilla, common in pregnancy) 8. Erythema migrans (associated with lyme disease) 9. Hairy tongue 10. Lichen planus:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 11. Leukoplakia (may or may not be cancerous)

Answer 35

thrush cold sores canker sores damaged salivary gland firmer tissue, due to trauma white patchy area from immune disease

Question 36

What infectious disease is shown in the picture?

Answer 36

herpetic lesion

Question 37

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ , known as the "common cold sore" is typically aquired at a young age and is asymptomatic. It may persist in latent state in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Common triggers are ultraviolet light, trauma, fatigue, stress, and menstruation.

Answer 37

Herpes Simplex Virus; trigeminal ganglion

Question 38

\_\_\_\_\_ also known as "canker sores" have a pathogenesis that remains unknown. They occur in the soft mucosa and are characterized by recurring, painful, solitary, or multiple ulcers with a _____ that has a white or yellow center and a red border.

Answer 38

Apththous Ulcers; lesions

Question 39

Up to 60% of healthy adults have the ________ of bacteria in their normal flora. This can be aquired from dentures, steroid inhaler, xerostomia, and endocrine disorders and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_factors that can cause an overgrowth.

Answer 39

Candida species; local and systemic

Question 40

Conditions such as HIV, leukemia, malnutrition, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, broad-spectrum antibiotics or corticosteroids are local and system factors that can cause an \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 40

overgrowth of candidiasessssss.. .

Question 41

Cleft lip can be \_\_\_\_\_\_or ______ and is due to the failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal process. A _______ is when the hard palate is not completely joined; the soft palate is usually involved.

Answer 41

unilateral or bilateral; cleft palate

Question 42

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is one of the most common classes of congenital malformations. \_\_\_\_\_\_ is more common in boys and ____ is more common in girls.

Answer 42

Cleft lip/palate; Cleft lip; cleft palate

Question 43

Injury to the _____ teeth can dramatically change the dentition.

Answer 43

incisor

Question 44

Dental ______ includes root resorption, damage to permanent teeth, death of the tooth, and tooth loss. Thirty-six percent of injuries occur during sport activities.

Answer 44

trauma

Question 45

Dental injuries can be prevented with the use of athletic mouthguards. Mouthguards protect the ____ and ___ tissue in the oral cavity. Concussions and brain injury can be reduced with the use of an athletic mouthguard.

Answer 45

soft and hard

Question 46

\_\_\_\_\_are usually caused by an infection around the pulp or periodontium. \_\_\_\_ impacts those who have toothaches.

Answer 46

Toothaches; SES