CH15 Ethical Principles in Research

Question 1

Bioethics, an important aspect of conducting research, refers to the inherent role of ethics in health care and the established norms that distinguish between morally acceptable and unacceptable research practices.

A) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

B) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

C) Both statements are true.

D) Both statements are false.

Answer 1

C) Both statements are true.

Question 2

‘To do no harm’

Answer 2

Nonmaleficence

Question 3

‘Remove existing harm’

Answer 3

Beneficence

Question 4

‘Ability to govern one’s profession and respect for others’

Answer 4

Autonomy

Question 5

‘Doing what provider thinks is right’

Answer 5

Paternalism

Question 6

‘Provide patients what is owed, due or deserved’

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Answer 6

Justice

Question 7

‘Being honest’

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Answer 7

Veracity

Question 8

Health care provider’s first obligation to the patient is to do no harm, what does this describe?

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Answer 8

Nonmaleficence

Question 9

Requires that existing harm be removed

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Answer 9

Beneficence

Question 10

Ability to govern one’s profession and to basically be self-determined and directed as a profession.

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Answer 10

Autonomy

Question 11

What involves dental hygiene researcher doing what he or she thinks is best for the patient according to his or her ability and judgment.

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Answer 11

Paternalism

Question 12

Providing patients, test subjects, or populations with what is owed, due, or deserved represents ______.

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Answer 12

Justice

Question 13

Can be defined simply as being honest

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Answer 13

Veracity

Question 14

The Nuremberg Code was a result of ________.

A) The absence of research protocol from a university

B) A trial that was run without due process

C) War crimes trials

D) Universal report that was developed in the early 21st century

Answer 14

C) War crimes trials

Question 15

Informed consent, another ethical consideration, requires educating a subject in a research study about the study’s purpose, duration, experimental procedures, alternatives, risks, and benefits.

True

False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

When research involves human subjects, an informed consent must be obtained because subjects should always understand the research in which they are participating.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.

C) The statement is correct but the reason is NOT.

D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.

E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Answer 16

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

Question 17

The Tuskegee Syphilis study was conducted by which institution?

A) FDA

B) CDC

C) US PHS

D) FTC

Answer 17

C) US PHS

Question 18

The most compelling ethical dilemma with the Tuskegee Study was which of the following?

A) Did not make the study consent available in all languages

B) Plagiarism of test results

C) Did not offer Curative Treatment that was available

D) Researchers became too close with subjects

Answer: C

Answer 18

C) Did not offer Curative Treatment that was available

Question 19

The most compelling ethical dilemma with the Tuskegee Study was which of the following?

A) Did not make the study consent available in all languages

B) Plagiarism of test results

C) Did not offer Curative Treatment that was available

D) Researchers became too close with subjects

Answer 19

C) Did not offer Curative Treatment that was available

Question 20

Ethical behavior in research may be described as what is ________.

A) Right

B) Legal

C) Fair

D) Both A and B

E) all of the above

Answer 20

E) all of the above

Question 21

Ethics, in a “nutshell,” is about doing the right thing.

True

False

Answer 21

True

Question 22

As a result of the Belmont Report, medical research became a slow, laborious process with many checks and balances to protect human subjects.

True

False

Answer 22

False

Question 23

The Belmont Report describes ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects. Identified principles include which of the following?

A) Respect for persons

B) Specific guidelines for war

C) Roles of institutions

D) None of the above

Answer 23

A) Respect for persons

(As well as beneficence and justice)

Question 24

Research misconduct may include ________.

A) Plagiarism

B) Copyright or patent infringement

C) Falsifying or fabricating data

D) All of the above

Answer 24

D) All of the above

Question 25

Participants must be ____ to participate or not, and to _____ at any time for any reason.

Answer 25

free; withdraw

Question 26

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ requires that a subject in a research study be educated about the study's purpose, duration, experimental procedures, alternatives, risks, and benefits. Established to safeguard health information. \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

Answer 26

Informed consent

Question 27

**What act adds to the confidentiality of patient records?** **A) HIPPO** **B) HIPAA** **C) IRB** **D) BEG** **E) Both A and B**

Answer 27

**B) HIPAA** **(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)**

Question 28

When a covered entity conducts clinical research involving protected health information (PHI), dental hygienists-investigators must understand the HIPAA privacy rules' restrictions on the use and disclosure of patients' PHI, such as information from a patient's medical chart or test results, as well as an individual's billing information for medical services rendered, when that information is held or transmitted by an entity. PHI also includes identifiable health information about subjects of clinical research gathered by a researcher who is a health care provider. A) The first statement is true; the second statement is false. B) The first statement is false; the second statement is true. C) Both statements are true. D) Both statements are false.

Answer 28

C) Both statements are true.

Question 29

Institutions that conduct medical research usually have an entity known as the HIPAA. True False \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Government entities such as the state department review research conducted in the private sector. True False

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

* This organization is in charge of reviewing the ethical implications of a research study. * It assures that the rights and safety of the research subjects are respected and protected. * The IRB protects the institution and the researchers against lawsuits and helps to assure that the results of the research will not be flawed should the research be ethically unsound. \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*